Night World : Black Dawn Chapter 11

The bushes stirred again. Maggie's searching fingers found only acorns and licorice fern, so she made a fist instead, sliding out from underneath Cady and holding herself ready. A form emerged from the underbrush. Maggiestared so hard she saw gray dots but she couldn'ttell anything about it. There was a long, tense moment, and then a voice came to her. â€Å"I told you you'd never make it.† Maggie almost fainted with relief. At the same moment the moon came out frombehind a cloud. It shone down into the clearingand over the slender figure standing with a hand on one hip. The pale silvery light turned red hairalmost black, but the angular face and narrowed skeptical eyes were unmistakable. Not to mention the sour expression. Maggieletout along, shuddering breath. â€Å"Jeanne!† â€Å"You didn't get very far, did you? The road's justover there. What happened? Did she drop deadon you?† It wasamazinghow good that irritable, acerbicvoice sounded to Maggie. She laughed shakily. â€Å"No, Cady's not dead. Bern's dead-you know, the bigslave trader guy. But – â€Å" â€Å"You're joking.† Jeanne's voice sharpened with respect and she moved forward. `†You killed hunt' â€Å"No. It waslook, I'll explain later. First, can youhelp me get her to somewhere more protected? It's really getting freezing out here, and she's completely out.† Jeanne leaned down, looking at Arcadia. â€Å"I toldyou before I wasn't going to help you if you gotin trouble.† â€Å"I know,† Maggie said. â€Å"Can you sort of pick herup from that side? If we both get an arm under her shouldersshemight be able to walk a little.† . `Bull,† Jeanne said shortly. â€Å"We'd better chaircarry her. Link hands and we can get her up.† Maggie clasped a cold, slender hand with calluses and a surprisingly firm grip. She heavedweight, and then they were carrying the unconscious girl. â€Å"You're strong,† she grunted. â€Å"Yeah, well, that's one of the side benefits ofbeing a slave. The road's this way.† It was awkward, slow work, but Maggie wasstrong, too, and Jeanne seemed to be able to guide them around the worst of the underbrush. And it was so good just to be with another human being who was healthy and clear headed and didn't want to kill her, that Maggie felt almost lighthearted. â€Å"What aboutP.J.? Is she okay?† â€Å"She's fine. She's in a place I know-it's notmuch, but it's shelter. That's where we're going.† â€Å"You took care of her,† Maggie said. She shook her head in the darkness and laughed. â€Å"What are you snickering about?† Jeanne paused and they spent a few minutes maneuvering arounda fallen log covered with spongy moss. â€Å"Nothing,† Maggie said. â€Å"It's justyou're prettynice, aren't you? Underneath.† â€Å"I look out for myself first. That's the rule aroundhere. And don't you forget it,† Jeanne said in a threatening mutter. Then she cursed as her foot sank into a swampy bit of ground. â€Å"Okay,† Maggie said. But she could still feel awry and wondering smile tugging up the corner ofher mouth. Neither of them had much breath for talkingafter that. Maggie was in a sort of daze of tirednessthat wasn't completely unpleasant. Her mindwandered. Delos†¦she had never met anyone so confus ing. Her entire body reacted just at the thought ofhim, with frustration and anger and a longing that she didn't understand. It was a physical pang. But then everything was so confusing. Things had happened so fast since last night that she'd neverhad time to get her mental balance. Delos and the incredible thing that had happened between themwas only one part of the whole mess. He said he'd killed Miles†¦. But that couldn't be true. Miles couldn't be dead.And Delos wasn't capable of anything like that†¦.Was he? She found that she didn't want to think aboutthat. It was like a huge dark cloud that she didn'twant to enter. Wherever Jeanne was taking her, it was a long,cold trek. And a painful one. After about fifteenminutes Maggie's arms began to feelasif they werebeing pulled out of the sockets, and a hot spot of pain flared at the back of her neck. Her sweat wasclammy running down her back and her feetwere numb. But she wouldn't give up, and Jeanne didn't either. Somehow they kept going. They had traveledfor maybe about forty-five minutes, with breaks,when Jeanne said, â€Å"Here it is.† A clearing opened in front of them, and moonlight shone on a crude little shack made of weathered wood. It leaned dangerously to one side andseveral boards were missing, but it had a ceilingand walls. It was shelter. To Maggie, it looked beautiful. â€Å"Runaway slaves built it,† Jeanne said breathlesslyas they took the last few steps to the cabin. â€Å"The Night People hunted them down, of course, but they didn't find this place. All the slaves at the castle know about it.† Then she called in a slightlylouder tone, â€Å"It's me! Open the door!† A long pause, and then there was the sound of awooden bolt sliding and the door opened. Maggiecould see the pale blob of a small face. P.J. Penob scot, with her red plaid baseballcap still on backwardand herslightbodytense,wasblinkingsleepy, frightened eyes. Then she focused and her face changed.†Maggie! You're okay!† She flung herself at Maggie like a small javelin. â€Å"Ow-hey!† Maggie swayed and Cady's limp bodydipped perilously. â€Å"I'm glad to see you, too,† Maggie said. To herown surprise, she found herself blinking back tears.†But I've got to put this girl down or I'm going todrop her.† â€Å"Back here,† Jeanne said. The back of the cabinwas piled with straw. She and Maggie eased Arcadia down onto it and then P.J. hugged Maggie again. â€Å"You got us out. We got away,† P.J. said, hersharp little chin digging into Maggie's shoulder. Maggie squeezed her. â€Å"Wellwe all got us out,and Jeanne helped get you away. But I'm glad everybody made it.† â€Å"Is she†¦all right?† P.J. pulled back and lookeddown at Arcadia. â€Å"I don't know.† Cady's forehead felt hot underMaggie's hand, and her breathing was regular butwith a rough, wheezy undertone Maggie didn'tlike. â€Å"Here's a cover,† Jeanne said, dragging up a pieceof heavy, incredibly coarse material. It seemed asbig as a sail and so rigid it hardly sagged or folded.†If we all get under it, we can keep warm.† They put Cady in the middle, Maggie and P.J. onone side of her and Jeanne on the other. The cover was more than big enough to spread over them. And the hay smelled nice. It was prickly, butMaggie's long sleeves and jeans protected her. There was a strange comfort in P.J.'s slight bodycuddled up next to herlike a kitten, Maggiethought. And it was so blessedly good to not bemoving, to not be carrying anyone, but just to sit still and relax her sore muscles. â€Å"There was a little food stashed here,† Jeannesaid, digging under the hay and pulling out a smallpacket. â€Å"Dried meat strips and oatcakes with salalberries. We'd better save some for tomorrow,though.† Maggie tore into the dried meat hungrily. Itdidn't taste like beef jerky; it was tougher and gam ier, but right at the moment it seemed delicious.She tried to get Cady to eat some, but it was nouse. Cady just turned her head away. She and Jeanne and P.J. finished the meal offwith a drink of water, and then they lay back onthe bed of hay. Maggie felt almost happy. The gnawing in her stomach was gone, her muscles were loosening up,and she could feel a warm heavinesssettlingoverher. â€Å"You were going†¦ to tell me about Bern †¦Ã¢â‚¬ Jeanne said from the other side of Cady. The wordstrailed off into a giant yawn. â€Å"Yeah.† Maggie's brain was fuzzy and her eyeswouldn't stay open. â€Å"Tomorrow †¦Ã¢â‚¬  And then, lying on a pile of hay in a tiny shack ina strange kingdom, with three girls who had been strangers to her before this afternoon and who nowseemed a little like sisters, she was fast asleep. Maggie woke up with her nose cold and her feettoo hot. Pale light was coming in all the cracks inthe boards of the cabin. For one instant she stared at the rough weathered-silver boards and the hayon the floor and wondered where she was. Thenshe remembered everything. â€Å"Cady.† She sat up and looked at the girl beside her. Cady didn't look well. Her face had the waxyinner glow of somebody with a fever, and there were little tendrils of dark hair curled damply onher forehead. But at Maggie's voice her eyelashes fluttered, then her eyes opened. â€Å"Maggie?† â€Å"How are you feeling? Want some water?† Shehelped Cady drink from the leather bag. â€Å"I'm all right. Thanks to you, I think. Youbrought me here, didn't you?† Cady's face turnedas if she were looking around the room with herwide, unfocused eyes. She spoke in short sentences, as if she were conserving her strength, but hervoice was more gentle than weak. â€Å"And Jeanne, too.Thank you both.† She must have heard us talkinglast night, Maggie thought. Jeanne was sitting up, straw in her red hair, her green eyes narrow and alert instantly. P.J.was stirring and making grumpy noises. â€Å"Morning,† Maggie said. â€Å"Is everybody okay?' â€Å"Yeah,† P.J. said in a small, husky voice. Therewas a loud rumble from her stomach. â€Å"I guess I'mstill a little hungry,† she admitted. â€Å"There're a couple oatcakes left,† Jeanne said.†And one strip of meat. We might as well finishit off.† They made Cady eat the meat, although she triedto refuse it. Then they divided the oatcakes solemnly into four parts and ate them, chewing dog gedly on dry, flaky mouthfuls. â€Å"We're going to need more water, too,† Maggiesaid, after they'd each had a drink. The leather bagwas almost empty. â€Å"But I think the first thing is tofigure out what we're going to do now. What our plan is.† â€Å"The first thing,† Jeanne said, â€Å"is to tell us whathappened to Bern.† â€Å"Oh.†Maggie blinked, but she could see whyJeanne would want to know. â€Å"Well, he's definitely dead.† She sketched in what had happened aftershe and Cady had started running through thewoods. How Gavin and Bern had chased them andhad finally driven them into a corner on the boulder pile.How Bern hadclimbedup andchanged†¦ â€Å"He was a shapeshifter, you know,† she said. Jeanne nodded, unsurprised. â€Å"Bern means bear.They usually have names that mean what they are.But you're saying you tried to fight thatguy off with a stick? You're dumber than I thought.† Still,her green eyes were gleaming with something likewry admiration, and P.J. was listening with awe. â€Å"And then-there was this lightning,† Maggiesaid. â€Å"And it killed Bern and Gavin ran away.† Sherealized, even asshe said it, that she didn't wantto tell everything that had happened with Delos.She didn't think Jeanne would understand. So she left out the way their minds had linked when theytouched, and the way she'd seen his memories-and the fact that she'd dreamed about him beforeever coming to this valley. â€Å"Then I filled the water bag and we heard Sylviacoming and he went out to make sure she didn'tfind me or Cady,† she finished. She realized thatthey were all staring at her. Cady's facewasthoughtful and serene as always, P.J. was scaredbut interested in the story-but Jeanne was rivetedwith disbelief and horror. â€Å"You're saying Prince Delossaved your life? Withthe blue fire? You're saying he didn't turn you overto the hunting party?† She said it as if she were talking about Dracula. â€Å"It's the truth.† Good thing I didn't tell her aboutthe kiss, Maggie thought. â€Å"It's impossible. Delos hates everybody. He's themost dangerous of all of them.† â€Å"Yeah, that's what he kept telling me.† Maggieshook her head. The way Jeanne was looking at hermade her uncomfortable,as if she were defendingsomeone unredeemably evil. â€Å"He also said at one point that he killed my brother,† she said slowly.†But I didn't know whether to believeit†¦.† â€Å"Believe it.† Jeanne's nostrils were flared and herlip curledasif she were looking at something disgusting. â€Å"He's the head of this whole place and everything that goes on here. There's nothing hewouldn't do. I can't believe he let you go.† She considered for a moment, then said grimly, â€Å"Unless he's got something special in mind. Letting you go and then hunting you down later. It's the kind ofthing he'd enjoy.† Maggie had a strange feeling of void in her stomach that had nothing to do with hunger. She triedto speak calmly. â€Å"I don't think so. I think-he justdidn't care if I got away.† â€Å"You're fooling yourself. You don't understandabout these people because you haven't been here. None of youhave been here.† Jeanne looked at P.J.,who was watching with wide blue ‘eyes, and atCady, who was listening silently, her head slightlybowed. â€Å"The Night People are monsters.And theones here in the Dark Kingdom are the worst of all. Some of them have been alive for hundreds of years-some of them were here when Delos'sgrandfather founded the place. They've been holedup in this valley all that time †¦ and allthey do ishunt.It's their only sport. It's all they care about. It's all they do.† Maggie's skin was prickling. Part of her didn'twant to pursue this subject any further. But she had to know. â€Å"Last night I noticed something weird,† she said.†I was standing outside and listening, but I couldn'thear any animal sounds anywhere. None at all.† â€Å"They've wiped them out. Alltheanimalsin the wild are gone.† P.J.'s thin little hand clutched at Maggie's armnervously. ‘But then what do they hunt?† â€Å"Animals they breed and release. I've been a slavehere for three years, and at first I only saw them breeding local animaLs-cougars and black bears wolverines and stuff. But in the last couple ofyears they've started bringing in exotics. Leopardstigers and things.† Maggie let out her breath and patted P.J.'s hand.`But not humans.† â€Å"Don't make me laugh. Of course humans-butonly when they can get an excuse. The laws say the vampires can't hunt slaves to death because they'retoo precious-pretty soon the food supply wouldbe gone. But if slaves get loose, they at least get to hunt them down and bring them back to the castle. And if a slave has to be executed, they do a death hunt.† â€Å"I see.† The void in Maggie's stomach had become a yawning chasm. â€Å"But-2†² â€Å"If he let you go, it was so he could come backand hunt you,† Jeanne said flatly. â€Å"I'm telling you,he's bad. It was three years ago that the old kingdied and Delos took over, okay? And it was threeyears ago that they started bringing new slaves in.Not just grabbing people off the mountain if theygot too close, but actuallygoing down and kidnapping girls off the streets. That's why I'm here.That'swhy P.J.'s here.† Beside Maggie, P.J. shivered. Maggie put an armaround her and felt the slight body shaking againsthers. She gulped, her other hand clenching into afist. â€Å"Hey, kiddo. You've been really brave so far, sojust hang on, okay? Things are going to work out.† She could feel Jeanne's sarcastic eyes on herfrom beyond Cady, daring her to explain exactly howthings were going to work out. She ignoredthem. â€Å"Was it the same for you, Cady?† she asked. Shewas glad to get off the subject of Delos, and shewas remembering the strange thing Cady had saidlast night. I was coming here for a reason†¦. â€Å"No. They got me on the mountain.† But the wayCady spoke alarmed Maggie. It was slowly and with obvious effort, the voice of someone who had touse all their strength just to concentrate. Maggie forgot all about Delos and the slave tradeand put a hand to Cady's forehead. â€Å"Oh, God,† she said. â€Å"You're burning up. You're totally on fire.† Cady blinked slowly. â€Å"Yes-it's the poison,† shesaid in a foggy voice. â€Å"They injected me with something when they caught me-but I had a bad reaction to it. My system can't take it.† Adrenaline flicked through Maggie. â€Å"And you'regetting worse.† When Cady nodded reluctantly, shesaid, â€Å"Right. Then there's no choice. We have to getto the castle because that's where the healingwomen are, right? If anybody can help, they can, right?† â€Å"Wait a minute,† Jeanne said. â€Å"We can't go downto the castle. We'd be walking right into their arms.And we can't get out of the valley. I found the passbefore, but that was by accident. I couldn't find itagain â€Å"I could,† Maggie said. When Jeanne stared at her, she said, â€Å"Never mind how. I just can. But going that way means climbing down a mountainon the other side and Cady can't make it. And I don't think she'll make it if we leave her alone hereand go look for help.† Jeanne's narrow green eyes were on her again,and Maggie knew what they were saying. So we'vegot to give up on her. It's the only thing thatmakessense. But Maggie bulldozed on in determination. â€Å"Youcan take P.J. to thepass-I can tellyou howto get there-and Ill take Cady to the castle. How about that? If you can tell me how to get to it.† â€Å"Itstinks,†Jeanne said flatly. â€Å"Even if you make it to the castle with her hanging on you, you won'tknow how to get in. And if you doget in, you'll be committing suicide-â€Å" She broke off, and everyone started. For an instant Maggie didn't understand why-all she knewwas that she had a sudden feeling of alarm andalertness. Then she realized that Cady had turnedsuddenly toward the door. It was the quick, instinctive gesture of a cat who has heard something dangerous, and it triggered fear in the girls who werelearning to live by their own instincts. And now that Maggie sat frozen, she could hearit, too, faraway but distinct. The sound of peoplecalling, yelling back and forth. And another sound, one that she'd only heard in movies, but that sherecognized instantly. Hounds baying. â€Å"It's them,† Jeanne whispered into the dead silence of the shack. â€Å"I told you. They're hunting us.† â€Å"With dogs?†Maggie said, shock tingling throughher body. â€Å"It's all over,† Jeanne said. â€Å"We're dead.†

Martin Luther and the Protestant Reformation Essay

Martin Luther is credited for starting the Protestant Reformation by declaring the corruption he saw in the Roman Catholic Church. By standing firm in his faith and openly going against the church, he’s able to get the people thinking for themselves and discovering the truth of their leaders and religion. Martin Luther was born November 10, 1483 in Eislenben, Germany, to copper miner Hans and peasant Margaretha Luder. Living in poverty, his father is set on Luther becoming a lawyer for higher income and family honor. In 1501, he enrolled at Master of Arts in Erford, and received his Bachelor’s degree in 1502 and Master’s in 1505. He then enrolled to the law school. In 1505, he’s caught in a thunderstorm and asks God for deliverance. Since he lived through the fright, he then devotes himself to God, dropping out of law school and joining the monastery, although against his father’s orders. While searching for personal salvation, Luther took his spiritual growth very seriously and often times punished himself. He spent most hours praying and confessing. Through this, he began to notice his frequent and awful sins. He was told to follow after academics which he then taught theology at the University of Wittenberg. On October 18, 1512, he is given a Doctorate in Theology. In 1513, he studied Psalm 22 and gained enlightenment. He realized, as Paul said, â€Å"The just will live by faith,† and that salvation comes with solely faith and not religious works or practices. Luther’s knowledge of the Scriptures and his analytical mind caused him to see the power-hungry church leaders’ corruption. A major issue Luther saw was the selling of indulgences which were ways to get people of the church to pay for prayers and salvation. The Roman Catholic Church used these indulgences to put fear into their followers and money into their own pockets. Along with that complaint and others, Martin Luther nailed the 95 Theses to the church door on October 31, 1517. Within two weeks, the news of his rebellion spread through Germany and throughout Europe in two months. The Johannes Gutenberg Printing Press played a vital role in this expansion. Within days, many copies of the news was made and sent out. This gave the people of the church and of the nations concrete evidence of their leaders’  corruption. Soon, the fear of the people faded and so did the church’s power. In 1520, Luther is threatened with excommunication from the church. In January of 1520 he is excommunicated and named as a heretic. In April of 1521, the Diet of Worms met and Luther is questioned about his act. He is told to recant but he refuses to do so unless the Scriptures would have him do otherwise. In 1522, Luther translates the New Testament to German where again, the printing press made it available to society. He also formed his own church, Lutheranism, and teaches his practices and gains followers. On June 13, 1525, he married former nun Katharina von Bora and went on to have six children together. As time goes on, he gains many health problems and dies at the age of 62 on February 18, 1546. Through personal enlightenment and rebellion, Martin Luther started the transformation of the Christian church and many of its practices today. By refusing the deception of the church, he leads a revolt against the church and sets the example of strong, unshakable faith. Luther’s impact on religion didn’t stop in the 1500s, and is still standing firm and modeling the religion of society now.

Infections That Are Caused By Pathogens

Pathogens are microorganisms that cause diseases are called pathogens. They are specialised to infect the human body tissues where they reproduce and cause damage that gives rise to the symptoms of the infection although this may happen the body is very good at repairing itself as the body fights back by mobilising its immune system to fight of the infection.Infection is an invasion by a multiplication of pathogenic microorganisms in a bodily part or tissue which may produce subsequent tissue injury and progress to overt disease through a variety of cellar or toxic mechanismhere are some of the zones in the body showing how pathogens cause infections and diseasePathogenic microorganisms can be spread from person to person in a number of ways. Not all pathogens use all the available routes. For example, the influenza virus is transmitted from person to person through the air, typically via sneezing or coughing. But the virus is not transmitted via water. In contrast, Escherichia coli is readily transmitted via water, food, and blood, but is not readily transmitted via air or the bite of an insect.While routes of transmission vary for different pathogens, a given pathogen will use a given route of transmission. This has been used in the weaponisation of pathogens. The best-known example is anthrax. The bacterium that causes anthrax—Bacillus anthraces—can form an environmentally hardy form called a spore. The spore is very small and light.Pathogenic microorganisms can grow on currents of air and can be breathed into the lungs, where the bacteria resume growth and swiftly cause a serious and often fatal form of anthrax. ï » ¿Infections That Are Caused By Pathogens Pathogens are microorganisms that cause diseases are called pathogens. They are specialised to infect the human body tissues where they reproduce and cause damage that gives rise to the symptoms of the infection although this may happen the body is very good at repairing itself as the body fights back by mobilising its immune system to fight of the infection.Infection is an invasion by a multiplication of pathogenic microorganisms in a bodily part or tissue which may produce subsequent tissue injury and progress to overt disease through a variety of cellar or toxic mechanism  here are some of the zones in the body showing how pathogens cause infections and disease.Pathogenic microorganisms can be spread from person to person in a number of ways. Not all pathogens use all the available routes. For example, the influenza virus is transmitted from person to person through the air, typically via sneezing or coughing. But the virus is not transmitted via water. In contrast, Escherichia coli is readily transmitted via water, food, and blood, but is not readily transmitted via air or the bite of an insect.While routes of transmission vary for different pathogens, a given pathogen will use a given route of transmission. This has been used in the weaponisation of pathogens. The best-known example is anthrax. The bacterium that causes anthrax—Bacillus anthraces—can form an environmentally hardy form called a spore. The spore is very small and light.Pathogenic microorganisms can grow on currents of air and can be breathed into the lungs, where the bacteria resume growth and swiftly cause a serious and often fatal form of anthrax.

The History of Fashion Trends Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The History of Fashion Trends - Research Paper Example The essay "The History of Fashion Trends" analyzes the trends in the fashion history. Although, fashion has its roots since time immemorial, the history of fashion design is no older than the mid 19th century when Charles Fredrick Worth launched his first fashion house in Paris. Ever since, the concept of fashion designers has dominated the fashion world. Throughout 20th century, almost all of the high end fashion spread from Paris and London. The boundary between haute-couture and daily wear garments was not strictly defined. At the onset of this century, the concept of fashion photography emerged as did fashion magazines (Jones). Every century and perhaps decade is marked with changes in fashion trends. A major breakthrough in women’s fashion came in 1920’s with the introduction of flapper styles with emphasis on slack clothes and shorter skirts with temporary revivals of long skirts. By the start of 1930’s a large part of western world faced the effects of the Great Depression and haute couture became less popular. The focus shifted from the more romantic haute couture line (marked by a revival of waist lines along with a bust outline, longer hems, and skin-tight evening gowns) to everyday, utility wear . The 1940’s, being years of war, were marked by the production of uniforms, whereas the 1950’s saw the return of fashion with changes in haute-couture. The end of the 20th century was characterized by globalization of the fashion industry with fashion centers emerging all over the world.... The history of fashion has witnessed two popular fashion movements and trends namely The New Romantic and the Punks. It is worth contrasting the two movements in order to gain a deeper insight into these two highly popular trends. The late 1970’s and early 1980’s were marked by the onset of the New Romantic movement characterized by new trends in fashion and music in U.K (Riello and McNeil). The movement is originally marked by the new wave music and has survived to date with few alterations. Friday and Saturday nights were no longer the most celebrated with music; rather, Tuesdays also received special attention when the club â€Å"Gossips† introduced Bowie nights on this day (Riello and McNeil). The trendsetters in Punk fashion include Vivienne Westwood, Jean Paul Gaultier wardrobe worn by bands such as The Exploited (Jones). Flannel shirts printed with political slogans and band names became a popular practice during the 1980’s (Jones). Leather jackets and denim vests were studded painted and tailor made and replaced the earlier practice of tailor made blazers (Jones). Female punks typically entailed shaving the entire head except for a strand in the front (Jones). Perhaps the most prominent recognition of this era was given by the onset of spiked or apparently electrified hair with flamboyant colors and streaks. The main distinction between the New Romantics and its predecessor (the Punk) then became focus on glamour and looking good in the latter, a reflection of softer, more fragile, self-conscious attitudes contrary to the violent, anarchic and crude culture portrayed by Punks. The New Romantics came to be known for their anti-Punk attitudes as they replaced sloppiness with

Analyzing the differing conceptions of separation of power held by Essay

Analyzing the differing conceptions of separation of power held by Publius and Anti-Federalists - Essay Example THE NECESSITY OF SEPARATION OF POWERS The idea of the necessity of limitation of powers within the framework of written Constitution was a basic premise shared by Federalists and Anti-Federalists alike. For instance, Cato argues that â€Å"a general presumption that rulers will govern well is not a sufficient security† (â€Å"Cato†), while Federalist James Madison observes that â€Å"the separate... exercise of the different powers of government... is admitted on all hands to be essential to the preservation of liberty† (â€Å"The Federalist No. 51†). At the same time, there existed views sceptical of universality of separation of powers. Centinel, an Anti-Federalist, considered the scheme of separation of state power into rival branches insufficient for the establishment of a truly democratic government (â€Å"Centinel†). In a sense, both Anti-Federalists and Federalists accepted the necessity of limitation of powers and of delineating the function s of different governmental bodies. Nevertheless, while Federalists ascribed higher qualities to the principle of separation of powers (â€Å"The Federalist No. 47†), the Anti-Federalists viewed it just as one of many, and not the most important, safeguards against the abuse of power. THE SEPARATION OF POWERS AND THE CONSTITUTION According to the Federalists, the separation of powers was to be maintained through the relevant organization of the internal structure of the government. The Federalist authors were convinced that by enabling independent agency to each â€Å"department† of government while simultaneously restricting their ability to interfere in proceedings of the other branches, the institution of truly republican government was perfectly feasible (â€Å"The Federalist No. 51†). Accordingly, the Federalists objected to the idea of recurrence to the people in the event of conflicts between the branches, cautioning against the strengthening of the legis lative power at the expense of the others (â€Å"The Federalist No. 49†). They found the independence of the judiciary especially important, warning against the possible encroachments by the legislature on the aforesaid independence (â€Å"The Federalist No. 78†). Anti-Federalists viewed the model of separation of powers established in the Constitution as abstract, pointing at excessive powers of the Executive and at the mixture of the executive and legislative branches of power found in the Senate (â€Å"Cato†). Both Cato and Centinel regarded the Senate as an aristocratic institution; whereas Cato proposed to institute direct election of the Senators and to establish annual rotation of its members (â€Å"Cato’), Centinel advocated the abolition of the Senate and the House of Representatives in favour of creating unitary federal legislature (â€Å"Centinel†). In short, the Federalists feared the possibility of â€Å"tyranny of majority† ex pressed through the legislative branch and maintained the necessity of curbing the excesses of popular majority (â€Å"The Federalist No. 10†, â€Å"The Federalist No. 49†). The Anti-Federalists, on the other hand, thought that strong Presidency and non-elected Senate undermined the proper distribution of powers and advocated their reform (â€Å"Cato†) or abolition (â€Å"Centinel†). ALTERNATIVE MECHANISMS TO ASSURE THE APPROPRIATE CONDUCT OF PUBLIC OFFICIALS Both Federalists and Anti-Federalists believed in the necessity of

Ecological consequences of natural or anthropogenic activities Essay

Ecological consequences of natural or anthropogenic activities - Essay Example Transpiration has become a major part in individuals’ daily life. Several individuals consider different transport options in order to enhance their goals of life. Fast and effective transport options ensure business communications, personal travelling and several other aspects. In addition to this, several automobile manufacturers consider the factor of technological advancement during the manufacturing of automobile vehicles. Most importantly, this transportation has several critical and inadequate ecological consequences in this present era of globalization. Therefore, transpiration can be considered as one of the major anthropogenic activities. Huge amount of energy requires running a vehicle. Electricity and fossil fuels are the major energy sources that are required to run vehicles. It is true that high consumption of fossil fuels and petroleum can help a vehicle to run smoothly. This high consumption level of fossil fuels and petroleum resources are affecting the ecological and environmental balance quite critically. High carbon emission level is the major consequence of high consumption of natural oil and gas resources. High carbon emission level increases the volume of nitrous oxides and particulates in the air. It automatically increases the temperature of atmosphere that causes air pollution. Green house gas emission is the major reason behind this increase of global atmospheric temperature. This is becoming a serious ethical challenge for global environment and ecology. Several serious diseases, such as cancer, respiratory problems, heart problems and other diseases are the major consequences of this global warming and air pollution. People are facing difficulty to take fresh oxygen and water due to growing level of air pollution and global warming (Oshitani, 2006). Moreover, several species are abolishing from ecology due to this issue. Each and every animal has a major role to play in maintaining

Company Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

Company Law - Essay Example n be altered by special resolution.3 However, any alteration must comply with the provisions contained in the company’s Memorandum of Association and the current Companies Acts. The Memorandum sets out the objects of the company and what the company can do. Therefore in the event a provision of the Articles is inconsistent with the Memorandum it will be overruled.4 Any alteration of the company’s Article of Association must be conducted in good faith and for the overall benefit of the company.5 The underlying rationale is the extent to which the majoritys power is contained so as to prevent majority oppression of the minority. Put another way, the principles of common law and equity effectively bind the majority share holders in the manifest exercise of their powers at the expense of minority shareholders.6 The courts have consistently approached the question of alteration of a company’s Articles of Association with extreme caution. There are many variants that are potentially conflicting. For one thing a fine balancing of the company’s interests and the interests of the members of the company as a body is relevant. The doctrine of majority rule is as equally important to the court as is the protection of the minority from oppression by the majority. Since by virtue of Section 9 of the Companies Act 1985 a majority can alter or amend provisions contained in the Articles of Association, it is important to the court that this is not accomplished by discriminatory or fraudulent means or motives on the part of the majority. The doctrine of majority rule was introduced in Foss v Harbottle. The rationale behind Foss was that any difficulties within the structure of the company ought to be dealt with by ratification by the majority shareholders.7 Inherent in this principle is the courts’ recognition of the company’s right to alter its Articles of Association. Jenkins LJ said, ‘†¦where the alleged wrong is a transaction which might be made binding

The difficulties that Indian learners might have in American's Essay

The difficulties that Indian learners might have in American's classroom to learn English - Essay Example Similarly, most of the languages in India have no difference between writing and pronunciation and this can result in confusion among the Indian learners in American classrooms. Thesis statement: The Indian learners in American classrooms face a number of difficulties because Indian languages (first language) alter the learner’s accent, there are differences in word order, sentence structures, sound systems, pronunciation, and these can affect the process of learning English. One can see that first language deeply influences a learner because the process of acquisition of the same is natural. Within this scenario, the first language determines a learner’s accent, and the same is related to dialectical differences within any language. For instance, if an Indian learner’s mother tongue is Hindi, his/her accent will be different from those who use English as their first language. If the Indian learner migrates to America and start learning English, the influence of first language (say, Hindi or other regional languages in India) may hinder him/her from following the native speaker’s accent in English. Shilpa S. Dave stated that, â€Å"For Asian Americans, accent is another way of pointing out that difference is a socially nuanced and a socially constructed reality† (5). If the Indian learner is totally exposed to English, he/she can easily escape from the influence of first language and can improve his/her accent related to the t arget language (English). To be specific, there are hundreds of different languages and variations of the same in India. Besides, the word order within the sentences in these languages is entirely different from English. An Indian learner is totally exposed to this word order and regularly applies it in writing and conversation. Tej K Bhatia stated that, â€Å"The order of words in a Hindi sentence is not as rigidly fixed as it is thought to be by

The Effect of Using Facebook as a Teaching Tool on Students Interest Research Paper

The Effect of Using Facebook as a Teaching Tool on Students Interest and Motivation in Learning English - Research Paper Example The interest of students and their motivation have always been a concern for many scholars like Fenfanng Li and Fushan Sun. Li’s contribution is well evidenced in the work EFL Learners’ Belief and Learning Strategy Use by English Majors while Sun’s work is on Pedagogical Implications to Teaching English Writing. According to Begawan (2009), the perspective with which many students have taken learning English as a new language can be attributed to the lack of interest or key goal towards its overall achievement. On the same note, it is critical to note that the mode of learning the languages devised is not motivating students to read and research extensively on the language concepts. According to Liao, (2009), a portion of language educators have relied heavily on the transmission model, which emphasizes on the teachers’ responsibility of conveying the knowledge and correcting errors. With respect to this practice, more students get tired of this teacher-ce ntered model of English learning and end up terming English as a very boring and monotonous instead of being update and informative. One crucial attempt to solve this would be the utilization of approaches that stimulate students’ interest in language learning.... On the same note, it is critical to note that the mode of learning the languages devised is not motivating students to read and research extensively on the language concepts. According to Liao, (2009), a portion of language educators have relied heavily on the transmission model, which emphasizes on the teachers’ responsibility of conveying the knowledge and correcting errors. With respect to this practice, more students get tired of this teacher-centered model of English learning and end up terming English as a very boring and monotonous instead of being update and informative. One crucial attempt to solve this would be the utilization of approaches that stimulate students’ interest in language learning. National Council of Education Research and Training (2006) argue that the growth and development of technology, with the booming digital revolution; English language has been incorporated in multimedia as the means of instruction. This is highly critical to influence E nglish language among the users of digital technology. With increased immersion of students in Web 2.0 technologies like the blogs, twitter, social networks like Facebook, virtual worlds, video sharing and photo sharing, these can effectively be utilized as means of encouraging students to learn English to fully participate in them (Fang, 2010). My interest has been driven to Facebook owing to its ease and interactive features that are highly crucial in motivating the language teaching (Childs, 2009). This is with respect to the language of instructions used for the social network sites. This research study aimed at looking on the effect Facebook has, as a tool on the students’ interest and motivation in learning of

Application of Theory Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Application of Theory Paper - Essay Example The theory makes use of the fourteen components which are solely based on the wants of human beings. The theory works on two major assumptions which are â€Å"Care givers also known as nurses have a responsibility of looking after the client until they are in a position where they can adequately look after themselves’ and â€Å"Nurses are always on the look and selfless in ensuring that the patients recover for their ailments† and lastly â€Å"Nurses will be more effective when they obtain an undergraduate certificate in both arts and sciences†. This paper will examine the problem in nursing leadership by providing scholarly evidence to support the issue. In addition, it will present one strategy and the concepts and principles where the nursing theory are applicable, provide a rationale for the chosen strategy and one ethical strategy for the theory. Nursing leadership has been an emerging issue over the years because of the numerous challenges which various sectors of nursing encounter. Globalization in today’s society has really changed the shape of nursing and nurses across the globe require effective leadership to maintain to the required standards and generate a new generation of nurses. Quality in many health cares is determined by the efficacy of the leadership available. On the other hand leadership is extremely essential in all institutions or organizations. It can be defined as the process through which goals are identified by providing accurate support and motivation(McEwen & Wills, 2007). Nursing practice requires accurate evidence that is only obtained through extensive research. Putting together the evidence collected into nursing practice is necessary for quality to be achieved in the nursing filed. Therefore the behaviors of most health care providers have been wanting as they have not been able to accurately determine the kinds of involvement needed to

The Role of Fathers in 20th Century Literature Essay Example for Free

The Role of Fathers in 20th Century Literature Essay There is a very common trend in 20th century literature, and it is the lack of fathers and/or father figures in the literature. Throughout the course of this class, the readings featured often followed this trend and over half of the stories did not include a father or father figure. In the story Recitatif by Toni Morrison, there are two young girls who are living in a boarding home because their mothers cannot take care of them. In this story, like many others of 20th century literature, there is an obvious absence of fathers and there is not even a single mention of either of the girls’ fathers. This trend is also found in Alice Walker’s Everyday Use and in Conversion of the Jews by Phillip Roth. In a stark contrast to the common trend of lack of fathers in 20th century literature, much of the literature we read was from the perspective of the father or focusing on the father. This paper will explore the differences between the stories that featured an absence of fathers/father figures and the stories that were told from the perspective of the father or focused on the father. In Phillip Roth’s Conversion of the Jews, there is only one passage, a very small mention, of Ozzie’s father; â€Å"†¦ and when Mrs. Freedman came through the door she tossed off her coat, kissed Ozzie quickly on the face, and went to the kitchen table to light the three yellow candles, two for the Sabbath and one for Ozzie’s father†¦ Even when his father was alive Ozzie remembered that her eyes had gotten glassy, so it didn’t have anything to do with his dying. It had something to do with lighting the candles. † This small passage acts as a great exception to the all-too-common trend in 20th century literature where there is a lack of fathers/father figures. In Conversion of the Jews, this explanation of the absence of Ozzie’s father adds a lot to the story. Oftentimes, the lack of a father/father figure added a lot to the story even if the reader did not explicitly notice. The absence of fathers is often a very good discussion topic, because it is easy to imagine how much differently the story would be if the father had been in the family’s lives. In another reading where the father has died, Grief Calls Us to the Things of This World by Sherman Alexie, the story is told from the perspective of the son, who is a grown man that simply forgot that his father has passed nearly a year before this poem takes place. The death of his father in this poem, and the fact that he still thought of his father every day, shows that they had a good relationship before his passing and that the now-absence of his father is nothing that he is resentful about, but that the son is simply sad and misses his father. This poem highlights the good relationship that a father can have with his son, because even after his father’s death, the son still thought of his father when he needed something or had a problem and wished that he was still around. This poem is a refreshing contrast to the other stories that had an absent father. In a story relatively different from the above two, Love Dad by Joseph Heller, is a short-story written from the perspective of Nately, a young man who is away at war in the Air Corps (now known as the Air Force) during World War II. He writes about his experiences growing up and going to Harvard before joining the Air Corps to avoid being drafted into the Infantry during World War II. Throughout the story you can see how naive Nately’s parents are about life during war through the letters written to Nately by his father. His father obviously does not understand the seriousness of war and this makes the end of the story even more shocking than I believe it would have been had Nately’s father actually understood that there was a very real chance of losing Nately to the war. The last line of the story reads â€Å"The letter was returned to [Nately’s father] stamped killed in action. † This comes after Nately’s father writes a remotely frivolous letter where he concludes the letter by joking that he wishes he were in Nately’s shoes and Italy, enjoying the Italian â€Å"oregano† (code word for sex). This story was much different from the rest of the stories we read because the father was, in my opinion, the main character because he was the one that Nately was focusing on throughout the whole story. Another story that does not follow the common trend of 20th century literature that the majority of the other ones follow, where there is an absence of a father or father figure, is Fathers and Sons by Ernest Hemingway. This story focuses on three generations of men within a family and the relationships between Nick, Nick’s father, and Nick’s son. The story eflects on the poor relationship that the Nick and his father had, but also on how Nick want his son to remember his father. I feel like this is a normal thing that happens in real life, that parents do not want their children to remember their parents in a negative way even if they had a bad relationship with their parents. This story breaks the trend of the other stories that were featured because there were two generations of present fathers, even if Nick and his father did not have the best relationship. Although Nick did not appear to have the best relationship with his father, he does reflect on him fondly to his own son. This is a trait that I think is common in America today-making your parents look better to your own children than they do to you. Toni Morrison’s Recitatif features two main characters, Twyla and Roberta, who live in a boarding home for mostly orphaned children. However, these two girls have living mothers who are unable to take care of them, thus the reason they are living in the boarding home. The fact that neither of their fathers are ever mentioned makes the reader wonder where the fathers are and why they are not able to take care of their daughters. It is even stated in the story that Twyla wishes that she was an orphan. She states that â€Å"[Roberta and I] didn’t like each other all that much at first, but nobody else wanted to play with us because we weren’t real orphans with beautiful dead parents in the sky. We were dumped. † (Walker, 2) This statement alone makes you believe that Twyla’s father is not dead, but this is once again left up to the imagination of the reader because it is never revealed whether or not her father is alive or dead. The absence of Roberta and Twyla’s fathers obviously weighs heavily on the girls throughout the story. An optimistic reader would think that if their fathers had been in their lives then maybe the girls would not have ended up in the group home and that their lives have been different. Throughout the story, the girls turn into two very different people and even become parents themselves. I believe that the girls, and the story, would have been very different if they had their fathers in their lives, and not have ended up in the group home. The story Everyday Use by Alice Walker features a family consisting of one mother and two daughters. The story focuses on the relationship between the wo sisters and the argument between the two of them over a set of quilts that the girls’ grandmother had made by hand. However, throughout the story, there is never even so much as a mention of Dee or Maggie’s father. The absence of the girls’ father has had an obviously strong effect on the women that the girls had become. In my opinion, the absence of their father had turned Maggie into a very shy woman who practically lets her sister, Dee, walk all over her. Dee has turned into an outspoken and overbearing woman who treats her sister more like a servant than a friend. The lack of the girls’ father has also had an obvious effect on their mother, who is never named in the story because the story is told from the mother’s perspective. The fact that Dee and Maggie’s mother does not have a husband around the house has turned her into not only a mother, but a father as well. It is Dee and Maggie’s mother’s responsibility to keep up on the farm and provide for the family-traditionally a role reserved for the father. Dee and Maggie’s mother even admits that she â€Å"can kill and clean a hog as mercilessly as a man. If Dee and Maggie’s father was in their lives then their mother would not have these responsibilities. The typical role of the father is not present in virtually any of the readings featured throughout this course. The traditional role of the father, according to http://www. pioneerthinking. com/fathercare. html, are â€Å"the Wallet,† â€Å"the Rock,† and â€Å"the Friend. † This means that it is traditionally the father’s job to provide the financial and emotional support to his family while acting as a friend to his wife/girlfriend and children. These roles are obviously different than the roles provided by the fathers in the readings we read in class. In Love, Dad by Joseph Heller, Nately’s father does not completely conform to these traditional fatherly roles. During the course of the story, the only traditional role that Nately’s father seems to fit into is the role of the friend, and he does not even do that all too well. I feel that, throughout the story, Nately’s father was trying to be more of a friend to Nately than a father. I cannot imagine that Nately’s father was ever a good â€Å"Rock† because he seems to be too focused on the unimportant things, and he is obviously too naive for his own good. The fact that he does not comprehend that he very well may lose his son during the war practically voids out any attempts he may have made to be Nately’s â€Å"Rock. † One story that gave me the impression that the father did actually fill the three traditional roles of a father is Grief Calls Us to the Things of This World by Sherman Alexie. I feel like the fact that his son was able to look back on his father with such admiration, even saying â€Å"Who is most among us and most deserves The first call? I choose my father. † I feel like this sentence itself shows how much admiration the son has for his father, seeing him as the first person to call simply because he is astounded by bathroom phones. I think that the simple things in life are what makes a man or woman a good mother or father, and this sentence highlights this simplicity. I also think that the fact he forgot that his father had passed away shows how much love and admiration he has for his father, although it is in an unusual way. However, in contrast to the traditional role of the father that is shown in some of the 20th century literature we read, there is also the absence of fathers and/or father-figures. This absence that was also prevalent in our readings of 20th century literature has captured, and possibly reflected, current day demographics. Unfortunately today, it is almost common and even acceptable to see a family with only one parent, and oftentimes this parent is the mother. The fact that it has become acceptable for a child to be raised without his or her father in a one person home is absolutely depressing. Throughout the course of our semester, approximately half of the stories we read did not have a father present and the fact that this has become a sort of reflection on current day demographics is quite disheartening. According to fatherhood. org, in current day demographics, approximately 24 million children (or one out of three children) live in a home where there is no father or father-figure. When looking at current day demographics and then at 20th century literature, the commonalities and reflections between the two is remarkable. I believe that the role of the father in 20th century literature ranges from being overly present (like in Love, Dad by Joseph Heller) to being completely absent to the point where a father is not even mentioned (such as that in Everyday Use by Alice Walker or Recitatif by Toni Morrison). This wide variations in the role of the fathers and the presence of the fathers makes the reading each unique in their own way because the fathers (or lack thereof) add their own influences nto the story. I believe that if there had been any fathers in Everyday Use by Alice Walker or Recitatif by Toni Morrison, the stories would not have been as interesting and as well liked as they are. I believe that the absence of fathers shows realism in these two stories because they are both situations that would be easily found in current day demographics. I also believe that the overly present father in Love, Dad by Joseph Heller helped make the story what it was. If the father had not been portrayed in the way that he was in the story, I do not believe that the story would have had much else for readers to relate to. In conclusion, I believe that the role of fathers in 20th century literature is very important and oftentimes made the story into what it was. Without this strong feature in 20th century literature, I do not believe that stories would not have been as well-liked nor would readers have been as easily able to adapt as they were. The stark contrast in the role of the father in 20th century literature kept the readings interesting and kept them easy throughout the course of the semester.

Into the Wild Blue Yonder Essay Example for Free

Into the Wild Blue Yonder Essay Most people will never get the chance to fly an airplane. They will never get to experience the thrill of soloing for the first time or the terror of dodging crows at 100 mph. Most people will be familiar with the sensation of your stomach settling somewhere around your knees or your throat while on a roller coaster, well, flying an airplane makes that feel like walking down a flight of stairs. First off, I have to begin by describing to you just what an airplane looks like, in and out. Well, on the outside most small general aviation aircraft have a thin, cloth skin stretched over an aluminum skeleton for strength. The aircraft has four surfaces that control how the pilot can manipulate the plane in flight. On the outside trailing edge of the wings are the ailerons, they control how much the airplane rolls when the pilot turns the yoke (similar to a steering wheel in a vehicle) either right or left. On the inside of the wings, close to the body of the plane, are the flaps. They are used to produce extra lifting force at slower speeds, they are controlled by a handle in between the pilot and co-pilot seats. At the rear of the airplane on a flat surface parallel to the wings is the elevator, the pilot can move the yoke in or out to move the elevator either up or down, thus either lifting the tail for the plane to dive, or lowering the tail for the plane to climb. Above the elevator is a vertical control surface called the rudder, which the pilot controls with foot pedals to turn the plane left or right. Now a plane can be either high- or low-wing. Most of the aircraft at Henderson State University are high-wing, which means the wings are at the top of the body of the aircraft and not at the bottom. Our airplanes have what is known as tricycle gear, which means there are two wheels beneath the body of the plane where the wings are, and one beneath the nose of the airplane. Most planes have between six and nine lights, two on the rudder, two on either wing tip, one or two on the leading edge of either wing close to the body, and sometimes one beneath the propeller. Now onto the inside of the aircraft. It is a complete mystery the first time someone looks into an aircraft. No one knows what button, knob, or switch does what. Just off the top of my head, I can count over five multi-colored knobs, seventeen switches, and at least forty buttons. The seats in our aircraft at HSU are simple, uncomfortable, but functional grey sliding seats. I just wish the engineer that designed our aircraft had actually been forced to use the seats. You can barely see out of the windshield in them, they are so low the seatbelt practically saws your neck in half by the time you get out at the end of your flight. Thats about it for looks, lets check in on how it sounds. Each airplane has its own personality, so each noise is different, however they are all much the same. Here are a few of my favorites. As you tow the monstrously heavy plane out of the hangar onto the ramp, the sticking brakes squeal like scared mice, the low pressure tires slap on the tarry pavement like a seal clapping for his ball, the nose gear whines like a five year old wanting a cookie, and the unlatched doors slam open and shut like car doors on Black Friday. Some of the planes are worse than others though. One of the planes when it starts, you automatically know that someone is flying this certain plane, it sounds closer to a rocket about to takeoff as opposed to a car without a muffler accelerating. When you are in the plane about to start it up, the low hum of conversation fills the cabin. As the pilot makes a few last adjustments to the throttle, primer, and mixture knobs, the conversation ceases and the all important call of â€Å"CLEAR PROP!† breaks the silence. When the pilot turns the ignition, the engine coughs and wheezes into life, as it slowly comes to speed with a roar that would put a lion to shame. How does an airplane feel you might ask? Well, each control is different to help you learn which is which during a night flight or an emergency situation. For example, the primer is ridged with a diamond pattern, similar to what would be on a trucks toolbox, while the only thing that is smooth for the pilot is the yoke. Another example would be the throttle control knob, it is ridged except it has small dots on it instead of a diamond pattern. Everything in the cabin is learned by muscle memory, a pilot has to get out and fly, or he can not be the best pilot possible. Flying an airplane is a tiring task, not just mentally, but physically. The pilot has to constantly hold pressure on the yoke, either backward or forward to keep the craft flying like he or she wants it to fly. Well, with that all said, those are the best ways to describe an aircraft that I know how. Out of the five senses, those are the ones best suited to describing a plane, sight, sound, and touch. I would not want to taste an airplane and they really do not have a noticeable smell, to me anyway.

Summary of Total Quality Management Model

Summary of Total Quality Management Model In the early 1990s, a philosophy of management called total quality management gained popularity. Its origins are traced to the ideas of U.S. quality experts W. Edwards Deming and Joseph Duran and highlighted by such programs as the Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award. Total quality management (TQM) is defined as managing the entire organization so that it excels in all dimensions of products and services that are important to the customer. As the definition states, this philosophy concentrates on quality as a primary component of the organizations drive for competitive advantage. Marketing decision-making is directly effected by such a system because quality is a component of product/service design and can be an important decision-making criterion employed by potential buyers. The TQM model goes beyond product and service quality, however, and suggests that a highly structured system of management that emphasizes mechanisms like control and punitive action which stifles people and ultimately hinders an organizations attempt to produce quality products and services. Rather, the organization that views all its employees as critical, creative resources will be much better able to pursue quality in every activity and through every decision. Some of the key tenets of TQM are: Every employee has creative skill and talent that can be beneficial to the organization, and employees should be empowered with decision-making responsibility and authority. An organization must engage in parallel and simultaneous decision making rather that hierarchical decision-making. Functions like marketing and production must work together and simultaneously to create solutions rather than waiting for another and engaging in reactive decision-making. An organization must replace a control mentality and structure with one that nurtures creativity and cross-functional participation in decision-making. Speed and quality are the essential dimensions of competitive advantage and should constitute the overriding objectives of the organization. The underlying premises of TQM are attractive. However, TQM can be a very costly and time-consuming process. Speed and quality are essential to the concept of TQM as they are to product development and the efforts by firms like Honda to cut development time and use speed as a strategic tool. The argument that rigid and hierarchical organizational structures suppress creativity and limit an organizations potential is a believable proposition. But, organisations are discovering that the concept of TQM has some practical hazards that make complete implementation difficult. Specifically, the following can compromise TQM as a management approach: Not all employees are capable of or desire to be empowered. Many employees, even at middle-management levels are content to make contributions to the organization by following rather than leading. It can be difficult to motivate employees to embrace corporate objectives over their own personal or career objectives. Effective implementation of TQM requires that corporate goals be placed ahead of personal goals. Effective implementation of TQM procedures presumes effective and swift communication within an organization in order for functional areas to operate simultaneously rather than hierarchically. Many organizations are unable to establish effective and rapid communications networks essential to the success of a TQM system. Implementation of a total quality system requires its own sort of bureaucracy, which itself can bog down the organization from the standpoints of both cost and speed of decision making. While TQM is an appealing philosophy, it remains to be seen whether it can be effectively implemented across complex organizations. Some firms, like Motorola, have had tremendous success with a TQM approach to management. Many other firms, however, have experienced almost insignificant quality increases when compared to the massive scale of the firms quality effort. Horizontal Management Structure The horizontal corporation may be the most radical of the new management systems being touted. A horizontal management structure is defined as managing across an organization rather than in a top-down, hierarchical fashion by identifying key processes and creating teams to manage them. The main premise of horizontal management structure borrows a dimension from TQM: the downward, hierarchical authority of an organization must be dismantled to take advantage of all corporate resources. In place of vertical authority, a new horizontal system is proposed that organizes a firm around processes rather than tasks. Such a horizontal structure is said to eliminate a task orientation and focus company resources on customers instead The following are the seven key elements of a horizontal structure management system: A Process Organizational Structure.Create a structure around processes rather than tasks. The entire company can be built around three to five core processes. A process owner is assigned to each. Horizontal Structure.Levels of supervision should be kept to a minimum by combining tasks within processes. The hierarchical nature of the organization should be flattened to resemble the activities. Team Management.Teams rather than managers will run processes. Each team is held accountable for performance within processes. Customer Satisfaction Drives Performance.Do away with old measures of performance like stock appreciation or profitability and use customer satisfaction instead: profits will follow if customers are satisfied? Team Performance Rewards.The evaluation and pay system should emphasize team not individual performance. Encourage the development of multiple skills rather than specialization. Maximum Supplier, Customer, Employee Contact.Employees must have direct and frequent contact with suppliers and customers. Find in-house teams where suppliers and customers can be participants. Inform and Train All Employees.Employees must be trusted with critical data and important decisions. Include all employees, not just leaders. The horizontal structure, like others, is intended to increase the speed and efficiency of activities and decision-making. So far, it has met with considerable success. ATT Network Systems Division has reorganized all of its 130 activities around 13 core processes and employee bonuses are based on customer satisfaction evaluations. Kodak has eliminated several vice-president level positions and uses self-directed teams to manage the areas instead. Finally, Xerox now handles its new product development through multi-disciplinary teams that work in a single process structure rather than vertical or even simultaneous functions. Re-engineering Reengineering as a management imperative is similar to the horizontal structure system with one major exception. Re-engineering focuses on the redesign of processes within an organization just as the horizontal system does. However, reengineering is not restricted to any particular redesign of processes. Rather, the entire organization is scrutinized from top to bottom to search for opportunities for improvement. Re-engineering is defined as the radical redesign of business processes to achieve major gains in cost, service, or time. Changing processes to achieve productivity or effectiveness gains does not distinguish reengineering from either TQM or a horizontal structure. There are, however, two distinctive aspects of reengineering. First, re-engineering examines the organization from the outside in and designs it around customers needs. The key question to be asked is, If we could start this company from scratch, how would it be designed? Second, reengineering promotes strong lead ership from the top, the Managing Director or Chief Executive Officer leads the organization. This is completely different from either TQM or a horizontal structure. Several firms have had tremendous success with reengineering. Union Carbide has used reengineering to cut U.S.$400 million out of the fixed costs of its operations over a three-year period. GTE reengineered its customer service operations from the outside in and created customer care centres. Before reengineering, customers had to deal with three different departments for line problems, billing questions, and special services. After reengineering, GTE has a single customer contact process where effectiveness is judged by how many times a problem can be solved without passing the customer on to another department. Reengineering is recommended for important, broad-based corporate and marketing processes like new product development and customer service rather than for specific strategic issues like cost or quality problems. The Virtual Corporation The virtual corporation is a management system in which several companies form a temporary network of joint ventures and alliances that come together quickly to exploit fast-changing opportunities. The virtual corporation is conceived of as a grouping of independent organization, manufacturers, service providers, suppliers, customers, and even competitors that are linked with information technology to share knowledge and skills. There is no central administration, no hierarchy, and no formal lines of authority. Rather, the virtual corporation is a group of collaborators that will come together temporarily to exploit market opportunities. Each partner in the alliance contributes what it is best at doing. (This sort of arrangement with an example of Toshiba Electronics global alliances). The key features of a virtual corporation management arrangement are: Excellence.Each partner in a virtual corporation alliance brings a core competence to the collaboration. In this way, each function and process can be world-class calibre. Technology.Global information networks will allow participants to create electronic links for sharing expertise and knowledge. Information superhighways could create electronic contracts without legal ties. Opportunism.The partnerships are temporary and created to exploit a specific market opportunity. Once the opportunity disappears, the alliance will likely disappear as well. Trust.The fate of each partner is dependent on the other. Trust is a key dimension in the successful performance of a virtual corporation. No Borders.The collaboration among customers, suppliers, producers, and competitors breaks down borders between organizations. The virtual corporation concept has its critics, but it also has brought together some of the most prominent names in the corporate world. ATT used Marubeni Trading Co. to establish a relationship with Matsushita Electric Industrial Co. to expedite the production of notebook computers, which were designed by a fourth partner, Henry Dreyfuss Associates. Corning, Inc., has 19 partnerships that account for nearly 13 percent of the firms earnings. Former rivals IBM, Apple, and Motorola have created an alliance to develop an operating system and microprocessor for a new generation of computers, the Power PC. Once again, this proposed corporate management system would have pervasive effects across the marketing systems of the firms involved. Product development speed and efficacy, customer service, sales effectiveness, and price levels all can be directly affected. The future of the virtual corporation vision is unknown. While it is conceptually intriguing, there are definite obstacles. The information technology is not quite in place; firms have never had to trust each other to the degree that this proposal calls for; and there may need to be changes in regulations related to antitrust and intellectual property before virtual corporations can actually be formed. A Global Perspective By now you have become accustomed to a discussion at this point of the global issues associated with a topic area. Successful cultivation of worldwide markets is by far the most formidable challenge faced by organisations. An organizations resources are pressed to their limits when foreign markets become the focus of the marketing effort. Case Study: What short-term marketing strategies did Harley-Davidson implement while it was developing the long-term strategy of redesigned engines? A Tale of Management Challenges By the start of the 1980s, Harley-Davidson, the last U.S. motorcycle maker, had seen its share of the super-heavyweight motorcycle market drop from 75 percent in 1973 to less than 25 percent. Quality in the production process was so poor that more than half the cycles produced came off the assembly line missing parts and were delivered to dealers inoperable. The big Harleys leaked oil, vibrated excessively, and were hard to start. Performance couldnt touch the new bullet bikes arriving from Japan with their breath-taking acceleration and silky smooth transmissions. Harley loyalists were still willing to get their hands greasy to fix the big bikes and to modify their performance, but new buyers who were fuelling the growth in the motorcycle market had no intention of doing so. Needless to say, Harley-Davidson faced a huge management challenge. As Vaugn Beals, chairman of Harley-Davidson, put it, We were being wiped out by the Japanese because they were better managers. It wasnt the ro botics, or culture, or morning calisthenics and company songsit was professional managers who understood their business and paid attention to detail.1 Beals devised a long-range plan to win customers and bring Harley-Davidsons back to prominence in the motorcycle market. The important change would be to upgrade performance with a new generation of engine designs. This transition would take up to ten years. Harley needed solutions much sooner to survive. Those solutions came in the form of marketing management decisions to implement short- and intermediate-term strategies: Willie G. Davidson created a series of cosmetic styling changes. In the five years before Harley could bring the new engines on line, he introduced a succession of new models -Super Glide, Low Rider, and Wide Glide that emulated the look of the choppers Harley fanatics were putting together themselves. With a decal here and a paint strip there the new models were a huge success. Beals and several managers toured a Honda assembly plant and came away knowing their manufacturing techniques were woefully outdated and costly. A manufacturing team introduced a just-in-time inventory program in the firms Milwaukee engine plant. Huge inventories and elaborate materials handling systems were eliminated with the program. The result was an increase in quality and a reduction in costs. In marketing, management shifted its focus away from trying to compete with the Japanese across several product lines and concentrated on developing the big-bike segment. In 1983, the company formed the Harley Owners Group (HOG) to develop a closer relationship with customers. Shortly afterward, a $3 million demonstration campaign was initiated called SuperRide, which invited bikers to visit any of the companys 600 dealers for a ride on a new Harley. The Role of Marketing Management In 1984, Harley-Davidson sales were a mere U.S.$294 million, which produced a profit of only U.S.$2.9 million. By 1993, sales had soared to over U.S.$1.2 billion and profits approached U.S.$75 million. Harley-Davidson has not only survived, but has prospered and grabbed nearly 50 percent market share in the super-heavy weight market. The leaders of the firm managed Harley-Davidson out of crisis: corporate resources were focused on an identifiable target market segment, marketing and manufacturing were integrated to contain costs, programs to attract customers and support dealers were initiated, and strategies for the short- and long-term target market development were conceived and implemented. As this episode in the history of Harley-Davidson highlights, the role of marketing management in an organization is to provide a mechanism for guiding marketing strategy development and implementation. No firm can compete effectively without performing basic tasks in the marketing mix: product development, pricing, distribution, and promotion. But, the difference between a firm that achieves mediocre results and a firm that prospers is often based on how much emphasis is placed on the management of marketing activities. Marketing management is critical to making the marketing process prominent in a firm. As the marketing process is granted unique status through focused management attention, the precision and impact of marketing activities increases. This demonstrates that managing marketing activities rather than simply implementing marketing tasks has a tremendous impact on the competitive strength and profitability of a firm. Marketing management involves specialized management efforts. A highly useful and well-articulated definition of marketing management is: The analysis, planning, implementation, and control of programs designed to create, build, and maintain mutually beneficial exchanges and relationships with target markets for the purpose of achieving organizational objectives. REFERENCES Points in the discussion of Harley-Davidson are taken from How Harley Beat Back the Japanese, Fortune (September 25, 1989) 155-164. Philip Kotler, Marketing Management: Analysis, Planning, Implementation and Control, 4th ed. (Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1980), 22. Thomas A. Stewart, GE Keeps Those Ideas Coming, Fortune (August 12, 1991): 41-49.

Intimate Encounter Essay -- Personal Narrative Writing

Intimate Encounter I needed a weekend away from the all too humdrum existence of day-to-day living. I decided that a good diversion might be to hike the Appalachian Trail for a weekend. After class on Friday, I ran to my car so that I could begin this wonderful divergence from daily life. The parking lot at Carver’s Gap, my destination, finally came into view as I drove up US 19E. Across the road, a short wooden fence separated me from my wonderful weekend of adventure. From the second I reached the parking lot, I realized that this hike, a great way to escape from reality for a weekend, awaited me upon the trail I saw dwindling in the distance. Due to my college freshman regimen of a bad diet and no exercise, the first bald I climbed winded me. At the summit of this little hill, however, a great vista gently caressed my eyes, as the natural beauty of Tennessee flowed over me. Verdant hills broiled before me, bubbling away into the distance to pop upon the backs of monstrous mountains. The sweet aroma of the few vibrant flowers on the flat plateau, and the intoxicating sensation of the breeze pawing at my hair, made the scene picturesque and serene. After gaping in awe for several minute, I turned my back from one beautiful landscape only to find my self at another. The harsh winds of the balds blew around me as I came upon the testaments of the winds power. The tree line appeared as a mass of gnarled, knotted, dead looking trees, the guardians of the forest. The harsh winds had over the years, deformed the trees here at the barrier between the lush forests and the vast plateau behind me. The path wound through the gnarled guardians and the true beauty of my hike soon greeted me. The lush, vibrant fall colors on th... ... as my hike the day before had. The secluded intimacy of the forest stunned my sense and made me feel as if I were apart of a land no man had before seen. As I passed the guardians of the forest, those gnarled, knotted, crooked trees overlooking the balds, I bid them farewell and a thank you also, for protecting the secluded interior forest from the harsh winds of the balds. My car squatted in the parking lot like a bug on a blackened, cooled, lava flow. I dreaded going back to my normal life after enjoying a weekend of such freedom and pleasure. Duties and obligations began to flitter though my mind as I once again began to think like an insect in a hive. I looked back over my shoulder, fondly remembering the freedom the wonderful weekend blessed me with, and vowed that I would once again return to experience the pleasure and seclusion that lay hidden therein.

Graduation Speech: The Future is Now :: Graduation Speech, Commencement Address

Good evening parents, grandparents, aunts, uncles, siblings, and friends. I would like to thank you all for coming to this very special day. I know how proud you must be. As we have grown over the years, there are many stages we all have gone through. From learning our shapes and colors, to getting our first kiss in middle school, or how about explaining to our parents why we skipped school because the principal called home. As we remember these days, things that we've done will be with us forever. But this is only the start of our journey. The day has come where we say goodbye to the big yellow buses, assemblies, assigned seating, and attendance policies. Are you really gonna miss it? For some of us maybe not right away. But eventually we will so for us to be here it is not necessarily an achievement, but a privilege. All of us have been in school over half our lives. To graduate is one more step we've taken in our lives. Now I would like to take the time to thank everyone who has helped me get this far. First of all, thank you to all the teachers. None of us would be here without you always pushing our academic abilities to the fullest. Jessica Parker a.k.a. my partner in crime as Mr. Tri would refer to us. You made everyday coming to school worthwhile. Hillary Laswell, who would leave third period to go steal flowers from horticulture and give them to Mrs. Granillo with me. My brother Jeramie who always said, "If anyone is mean to you, I'll take care of it." My Mom, thank you for always believing in me and putting up with me when I was a real jerk.

Women and Marriage in Jane Austens Pride and Prejudice Essay -- Pride

Women and Marriage in Jane Austen's Pride and Prejudice And they lived happily ever after... Or did they? Pride and Prejudice, a captivating novel written by Jane Austen, is the story of Elizabeth and her adventure challenging society and ending up deep in true love. Pride and Prejudice takes place in a town outside of London called Hertfordshire, where the reader follows Elizabeth, her friends, and her family as they search for love in the nineteenth century. The author writes of Elizabeth's journey of not only finding herself, but finding true love with Mr. Darcy in the end. Austen herself never married, something that was very untraditional for her time. She went against normalcy and knew that marriage was for love, not money as many people often recognized it as. This viewpoint from the author is drawn out for us through a major idea in the novel. The theme of women and marriage traditions in the nineteenth century is clearly demonstrated through many of the characters in Austen's novel. The opening sentence reveals the theme to the reader quite straightforwardly. Auste...

The Micromax Mobile Phone

[pic] X560 User Manual INTRODUCTION Thank you for purchasing this Micromax mobile phone. To obtain the best performance of your phone, please read this user manual carefully. Table of Contents 1Safety4 1. 1 Safety Precautions4 2Introduction5 2. 1Phone and Accessories5 2. 2To Lock/Unlock6 2. 3Your Phone6 2. 4About your phone6 2. 5About SIM Card and the Battery6 2. 6To switch ON and OFF7 3Phonebook7 3. 1To Add a contact7 3. 2To View a contact7 3. 3To Call a contact7 3. 4To Edit a contact7 3. 5To Delete a contact8 3. 6To Copy a contact to phone memory8 3. 7To Move a contact8 3. 8Send a contact8 . 9Add to Blacklist8 3. 10Caller groups8 3. 11Phonebook settings8 4Calling9 4. 1Call waiting9 4. 2Call Barring9 4. 3Call divert9 5Call Logs10 5. 1Missed calls/dialed calls/received calls/blocked calls10 6Messages10 6. 1Write SMS10 6. 2SMS Inbox10 6. 3SMS Draftbox11 6. 4SMS Outbox11 6. 5Sent items11 6. 6Archive12 6. 7Delete Messages12 6. 8Templates12 6. 9Message settings12 6. 10EMAIL12 6. 11Broadc ast Message13 7Phone & Call Settings14 7. 1Customized General Settings/Phone Settings/ Connection Settings14 8User Profiles15 8. 1User Profile Setup15 9Entertainment16 9. 1Camera16 9. 2Image Viewer16 . 3Video Recorder16 9. 4Video Player17 9. 5Music Player17 9. 6Photo editor17 9. 7Sound Recorder18 9. 8Slide show18 9. 9FM Radio18 10Fun & Games18 10. 1Games18 11Bluetooth18 11. 1To Activate/Deactivate Bluetooth Connectivity19 11. 2To Search/Inquire Audio Device19 11. 3To Search My (new) device19 11. 4Active Device19 11. 5Settings19 12Organizer19 13File Manager20 14WAP & JAVA Services21 14. 1WAP Browser21 14. 2WAP Setup21 14. 3Java21 15STK22 15. 1STK Services22 16Inputting Text22 17Phone Suite22 18Maintenance23 19Taking Care of your Device24 20After Services25 Safety 1. 1 Safety Precautions Please read through the following briefings carefully, and act in accordance with these rules, so as to prevent causing any danger or violating any law. Safe driving 1) Do not use the phone while driving. When you have to use the phone, please use the personal hands-free kit. 2) Please put the phone safely in the phone stand. Do not put it onto any passenger seat or any place from which it may fall down in case of vehicular collision or emergency braking. Turn off during a flight: Flight is influenced by interference caused by the phone. It is illegal to use a phone on the airplane. Please turn off your phone during a flight. Turn off the phone when within an area where blasting takes place: Be sure to strictly observe the related laws and statutes by turning off the phone when you are within, or in the vicinity of, an area where blasting takes place. Turn off the phone when any dangerous goods are in vicinity: Please turn off your phone when you are close to a gas station or in the vicinity of any place where fuel and chemical preparations, or any other dangerous goods are stored. In hospital: Please obey the related rules or bylaws of the hospital when using your phone in a hospital. Be sure to turn off your phone when near any medical equipment. Your use of any wireless transmission equipment, inclusive of the phone, will interfere with any medical equipment that is not protected fully, and other electronic equipment items, too. Should you have any question in this regard, please consult a related physician or medical equipment supplier. Interference: Each and every phone’s performance may be affected due to radio interference. Professional service: The phone must be installed or repaired by no other personnel than professionals. You are likely to suffer a huge risk when you install or repair this phone by yourself, which also goes against the warranty rules. Fittings and battery: You shall use the fittings and battery acknowledged by the phone manufacturer only. Using unauthorized accessories may tamper the warranty of the device. Emergency call: You may enter a telephone number (112, etc. ) to ask for emergency help after making sure that the phone has been turned on and is in the service status. Press the Send Key to call out. Disclaimer: Micromax will not bear any responsibility for any incompliance with the above mentioned guidelines or improper usage of the mobile phone. Micromax keeps the right to make modifications to any of the content here in this user guide without public announcement in advance. The content of this manual may vary from the actual content displayed in the mobile phone. In such a case, the latter shall govern. Introduction 1 Phone and Accessories Open the packing box of the phone and check that you have the Phone, Standard Charger, Standard Battery, USB cable, Earphone, Service Guide, Software CD, Leather pouch and Warranty Card. 2 To Lock/Unlock To unlock your phone (if auto keypad is enabled), press the small button on the top side of the phone. Or to unlock the phone slide up on the message displayed on the screen. 4 Your Phone [pic][pic] 5 About your phone Micromax X560 is a complete Touch phone. The main display of your phone is divided into 2 screens, slide your finger across the phone to change to the other screen to view more features. You can also change wallpapers by simply sliding your finger across the screen and choose from a wide range of interesting wallpapers. 6 About SIM Card and the Battery Please store the cards out of children’s reach. The card and the contacts are vulnerable to damage due to scratching or bending. Therefore, be careful when using, inserting or removing the cards. Be sure to switch off the phone before you insert or remove the battery or the card, otherwise, the phone may be damaged. Tips: The battery icon [pic] displayed on the screen indicates that the battery power is low. Please charge the battery. Please charge the battery before you use the newly purchased phone. We suggest you charge the battery for 4 hours continuously for the first time. Charging when the phone is in the ON mode will not influence the normal dialing and answering, but this needs to consume power, thus the time of charging will increase. We suggest you recharge the battery when the power is used up so as to prolong the life of the battery. 7 To switch ON and OFF To switch ON: Long press End key when the phone is in the OFF mode. If the phone lock has been activated, you need to enter the 4-digit password to unlock. (The preset unlock code is 0000. ) If the SIM card has been inserted in the phone, and the related PIN code protection is activated, you need to enter the 4-8 digit password to unlock. Warning: If you enter three wrong PIN codes in a row, the SIM card will be locked and you need to enter the PUK code to unlock. Both the PIN code and PUK code are provided by the network operator. To switch OFF: In the standby mode, press the key on the top side of the phone to power on and off. Phonebook You can store names and phone numbers in the memory of the phone or SIM card. Menu > Phonebook 1 To Add a contact Menu>Phonebook>Options>New Or in idle, tap on the calling icon to enter phone numbers and save a contact. 2 To View a contact Menu>Phonebook>Options>View In the contact list of the Phonebook, select to view the required name card 3 To Call a contact Menu>Phonebook>Options>Call View the contact number to make calls 4 To Edit a contact Menu>Phonebook>Options>edit Allows you to edit a contact 5 To Delete a contact Menu>Phonebook>Options>Delete Allows you to delete a contact 6 To Copy a contact to phone memory Menu>Phonebook>Options>Copy Copy the contact to the phone memory 7 To Move a contact Menu>Phonebook>Options>Move Move a contact from the phone to the SIM memory or vice-versa 8 Send a contact Menu>Phonebook>Options>Send contact Allows you to send a contact via message, MMS, email or Bluetooth 9 Add to Blacklist Menu>Phonebook>Options>Add to blacklist Add the contact to the blacklist 10 Caller groups Menu > Phonebook > Options>Caller groups To view the ‘caller groups’ folder tap on the fourth key above- to select the group to be set in the preset groups mentioned in the phone. Like- Friends, family, colleagues, others and more. 11 Phonebook settings Menu > Phonebook > Options>Phonebook settings †¢ Choose phonebook view- Choose a location to save your contacts in †¢ Speed dial- Choose numbers from your contact list and put them under the speed dial list †¢ My number- View your number vCard version- View the vCard version †¢ Extra numbers- View SIM1, SIM2 or SOS numbers †¢ Phonebook backup- Allows you to import & export contacts to and from the phonebook. †¢ Memory status-View the used and available phone & SIM memory †¢ Copy contacts- Allows you to copy a contact from the phone to SIM memory and vice-versa †¢ Move contacts- Allows you to mo ve a contact from the phone to SIM memory and vice-versa †¢ Delete all contacts- Delete all the contacts from SIM or phone memory Calling Note: Once you attend a call your phone will display a series of functions from you to choose from. For example- Mute, Send message, Hold call and more. Choose anyone feature to carry out the desired functions. 1 Call waiting Menu > Settings > Call settings>Call Waiting This function allows you to put the current call on hold and then answer a second one. If, during a call, a new call comes in, you will hear a special alert sound and the screen will display the number of the new incoming call, which indicates that a third-party call is coming in and waiting for to answer. 2 Call Barring Menu > Settings > Call settings >Call Barring The function is a GSM network service and can restrict outgoing and incoming calls selectively. If you need to change the settings of Restrict Calls, please contact your network operator to obtain the password for opening this service. 3 Call divert Menu > Settings > Call settings> Call divert With the Call Divert function (needs network support), you may divert incoming calls to another mobile phone or a direct line telephone, but not to any extensions of a fixed telephone. Call Logs 1 Missed calls/dialed calls/received calls/blocked calls Press the keys displayed on top of the screen to view> All calls/Dialed calls / Received calls/ Missed calls You may select View: View the desired entry Call: Call the desired entry Save to Phonebook: to save the number to the Phonebook Edit: to edit the number to dial or save to the phonebook. Send message: To write SMS/MMS to send to the number. Delete: To delete the entry. Delete All: Delete all the registered entry in one go. Call timer: View the call timers for the last/received/dialed calls or reset Call cost: View the call costs Messages 1 Write SMS Menu > Messages > Write SMS/MMS Write the content of the SMS Send to: Add contact number Input Method: select Smart abc/Numeric etc Add picture: Add a desired picture in the message you want to send as an MMS Add sound: Add a desired sound in the message you want to send as an MMS Add video: Add a desired video in the message you want to send as an MMS Add subject: Add a desired subject in the MMS message Slide Options: Allows you to add a slide ‘before/after in the current mms. Swtich to MMS: Allows you to switch from SMS to MMS, manually. Advanced: Insert text template/Insert attachment/contact number/insert contact name (embellish the characters of text)/ Insert bookmark. Save: Save the mms/sms Details: View the details of the MMS/SMS 2 SMS Inbox Menu > Messages > Inbox To read a message, move to the entry and press OK When reading a SMS, you can select Options > View: Allows you to view the SMS received. Reply: Reply to the message received. Call sender: Call on the number from which the SMS was received. Forward: Forward the entry to others. Delete: Delete the message. Delete all: Delete all the messages from the Inbox. Save to Phonebook: Allows you to save the number from which the sms was received to the phonebook. Mark as read: Mark the received SMS as ‘read’ ? Advanced: Copy to phone/SIM: Copy the SMS stored in SIM/phone to the phone/SIM. ? Move to phone/SIM: Move the SMS stored in SIM/phone to the phone/SIM. ? Copy all: Copy all the messages stored in SIM to the phone memory, or copy all the messages stored in the phone memory to SIM. ? Move all: Move all the messages stored in SIM to the phone memory, or move all the messages stored in the phone memory to SIM. SMS Draftbox Menu > Messages > Drafts View: Allows you to view the SMS received. Send: Send the message saved in drafts Edit: Allows you to edit the SMS received. Delete: Delete the message. Delete all: Delete all the messages from the Inbox. Advanced ? Copy to phone/SIM: Copy the SMS stored in SIM/phone to the phone/SIM. ? Move to phone/SIM: Move the SMS stored in SIM/phone to the phone/SIM. ? Copy all: Copy all the message s stored in SIM to the phone memory, or copy all the messages stored in the phone memory to SIM. Move all: Move all the messages stored in SIM to the phone memory, or move all the messages stored in the phone memory to SIM. 4 SMS Outbox SMS that have been sent and saved are stored in Outbox. Menu > Messages > Outbox SMS that have been sent and saved are stored in Outbox. To read a message, move to the entry and press OK When reading an SMS, you can select Options > View: View the message saved in outbox Resend: Select how to send. Edit: Edit the message. Delete: Delete the message. Delete all: Delete all the messages from the Inbox. Advanced Copy to phone/SIM: Copy the SMS stored in SIM/phone to the phone/SIM. ? Move to phone/SIM: Move the SMS stored in SIM/phone to the phone/SIM. ? Copy all: Copy all the messages stored in SIM to the phone memory, or copy all the messages stored in the phone memory to SIM. ? Move all: Move all the messages stored in SIM to the phone memory, or move all the messages stored in the phone memory to SIM. 5 Sent items Menu>Messages>Sent items View the messages sent by you to other numbers Menu > Messages > Sent messages View: View sent messages. Forward: Forward the sent messages Delete: Delete a message in the sent items folder Delete All: Delete all messages in the sent items folder Advanced ? Copy to phone/SIM: Copy the SMS stored in SIM/phone to the phone/SIM. ? Move to phone/SIM: Move the SMS stored in SIM/phone to the phone/SIM. ? Copy all: Copy all the messages stored in SIM to the phone memory, or copy all the messages stored in the phone memory to SIM. ? Move all: Move all the messages stored in SIM to the phone memory, or move all the messages stored in the phone memory to SIM. 6 Archive Menu>Messages>Archive Allows you to save messages received in your inbox into this archive folder. 7 Delete Messages Menu>Messages>Delete messages Delete messages from the following folders: Inbox, Drafts, Outbox, Sent messages, Archive, All messages 8 Templates Menu>Messages>Templates>SMS Templates/MMS Templates The phone has preset frequently used phrases which may be selected and added to the text when you are editing SMS. Preset phrases may be modified. 9 Message settings Menu>Messages>Messages settings SMS Settings Menu>Messages>Message settings>SMS settings Profile settings- †¢ Voicemail server †¢ Common settings- Set to receive Delivery reports, Reply path, Save Sent message. †¢ Memory status †¢ Preferred storage MMS Settings Menu>Messages>Message settings>MMS settings †¢ Profiles- Select a profile from the available network profiles. †¢ Common setting- Select to compose, send, retrieve or view the memory status. 10 EMAIL E-Mail Before use, you need to set the e-mail i n the â€Å"E-mail accounts† menu. Via this menu, you can receive and send e-mail.  ¦ Send and Receive: You can send/receive the e-mail from the specified mailbox. Write Email: You can edit e-mails.  ¦ Inbox: You can see the received e-mails.  ¦ Outbox: You can see the sent e-mails.  ¦ Sent: You can view send e-mails.  ¦ Drafts: You can see the drafts in the specified mailbox.  ¦ Clear mailbox: You can clear the e-mails in the specified mailbox, including inbox, outbox, sent e-mail backup and drafts, or clear all e-mails.  ¦ Delete marked emails: You can change the status of all e-mails to deleting status.  ¦ Email accounts: You can set up you new account.  ¦ Templates: you can pre-edit some common phrases, which is convenient for quick editing. Incoming Server: You can set the server parameters for the received e-mails, including Incoming server, Incoming port, user name and password etc. o Signature: You can set it On or Off and edit the signature. The fir st step in using email on your mobile phone is to define your email account’s settings so that your mobile phone knows which server to contact and to login using the correct credentials. TO CONFIGURE A NEW EMAIL ACCOUNT: Go to: †¢ Email >Email accounts> Options >New Account> Start to create account >Email address >Options >Next > Select email protocol (‘POP3’ or ‘IMAP- as per the account settings). Next >Select Data account (as per the SIM connection) > Incoming Server (edit email incoming server as per the account standard settings). †¢ Next > Outgoing Server (edit email outgoing server as per the account standard settings) >User Name > Password > Account Name > Options > Done (email account is created) †¢ Go to- Created email account >Options > Edit (user can edit email account settings if required) †¢ Advance Settings > Outgoing Sever > Outgoing Port (Input correct outgoing port according to the email configuration). Advance Settings > Incoming Server > Incoming Port (Input correct incoming port according to the email configuration) †¢ Go to- Configured email account > Options > Activate Your email account is now created! 11 Broadcast Message Menu > Messages > Broadcast Message The phone supports Broadcast Message. It is supported by GSM network. Broadcast messages are single-way messages sent to the users of the network operators by the message service center. For the contents and channel setup of broadcast messages, consult your network operator. Phone & Call Settings Customized General Settings/Phone Settings/ Connection Settings |Functions |Description | |Set time and date |Menu > Settings > Phone settings > Time and date | |Schedule power on/off |Menu > Settings > Phone settings > Schedule power on/off | | |To disable and enable status; to activate/deactivate, switch on/off, and time in turn. |Select language |Menu > Settings > Phone settings > Language | |Set Display setup |Menu > Settings > Phone se ttings gt; Display Setup > Wallpaper/Screen saver/Show date and | | |time/LCD backlight/ Show owner number | |Set Greeting text |Menu > Settings > Phone settings > Greeting Text | |Auto update of date and time On/Off |Menu > Settings > Phone settings > Auto update of date and time | |Set Caller ID |Menu > Settings > Call settings > SIM1/2 call settings>Caller ID | |Set Call waiting |Menu > Settings > Call settings > SIM1-2 call settings>Call  waiting | |Set call Divert |Menu > Settings > Call settings > SIM1-2 call settings> Call Divert Tip: You can select | | |Cancel all divert to cancel all the divert settings. | |Set Call Barring |Menu > Settings > Call settings > SIM1-2 call settings> Call Barring. Restrict Calls is | | |a GSM network service. Please contact your network operator to obtain the password for | | |opening this service. |Set the Blacklist |Menu > Settings > Call settings > Advance settings>Blacklist | |Reject by SMS |Menu > Settings > Call settings > Advance sett ings>Reject by SMS | | |Reject a call by SMS | |Select network |Menu > Settings > Network settings >SIM 1-2 network settings | | |New Search: The phone will select a new network automatically. | | |Select Network: The phone will search and display the list of known networks for you to | | |select the desired one, after which, the phone will try to log in the selected network. | | |If the selected network is registered successfully, it will prompt so. | |Set information of GPRS Connection |Menu > Connectivity> Data account>GPRS/GSM Data | |WIFI Menu>WIFI | | |Enable the WiFi connection in your phone to gain access to internet at any WiFi enabled | | |location | |Restore factory default |Menu > Settings > Restore factory settings | | |Tip: You need to enter the phone password when you want to restore factory default. The | | |preset phone password is 0000. Please bear your password in mind. Incase you forget it, | | |contact the local dealer or an authorized service center. | User Profiles 1 User Profile Setup Functions |Description | |Activate the profile mode |Menu > Settings> User profiles > Desired mode>Options > Activate | |Set the ringtone for incoming calls |Menu > Settings > User profiles > Customize> Tone setup> SIM1-2 Incoming call | |Set the ringtone for messages |Menu > Settings > User profiles > Customize> Tone setup> SIM1-2 message tone | |Set the ringtone for key pad tone |Menu > Settings > User profiles > Customize> Tone setup> Keypad tone | |Adjust the volume of Ring Tone / Key |Menu > Settings > User profiles >Customize> Volume | |Tone | | |Set Alert Type of ringing |Menu> Settings > User profiles> Customize >Alert type | |Set the ring type |Menu > Settings > User profiles > Customize> Ring type | |Set the Extra Tone |Menu > Settings > User profiles > Customize> Extra tone | |Set the answer mode |Menu > Settings > User profiles > Customize> Answer mode | Entertainment 1 Camera Menu > Camera Tap on the screen to view various functions. From Settings choose from a list of functions below to carry out the desired task Photos: View the images clicked. Camera settings: Set EV, Banding, delay timer, shutter sound, contrast and cont. shot, Image settings: Set the size and quality of photos. White balance: Set White Balance. Scene mode: Set scene mode. Effect settings: Set the special effects of photos, such as Grayscale, Sepia, Sepia Green and Colour Invert. Storage: Select phone or memory card. Restore default: Restore default settings. 2 Image Viewer Menu > Image viewer On the Image viewer list screen, open the image and select Options> View: View the highlighted photo. Edit: Edit the image Browse style: Select the style of viewing. Send: Send the photo by MMS or Bluetooth, Email Use as: Set the highlighted photo as wallpaper, screen saver, or the photo caller ID of a Phonebook entry. Rename: Rename the highlighted file. Delete: Delete the highlighted file. Delete all files: Delete all the files from the list. Sort by: Sort the files in the list. Storage: Select phone or memory card. 3 Video Recorder Menu>Video Recorder Choose from a list of functions below to carry out the desired task- Camcorder settings: set White Balance, EV, Night Mode and Banding. Video settings: Set video settings as per your requirement White balance: Set white balance Video settings: Set the Video Quality, File size limit, Rec time limit, and record audio. Effect settings: Set the special effects, such as Grayscale, Sepia, and Sepia Green etc. Restore default: Restore default settings. 4 Video Player Menu > Video player On the video player list screen, select Options > Send: Send the video by MMS or Bluetooth. Rename: Rename the highlighted file. Delete: Delete the highlighted file. Delete all files: Delete all the files from the list. Sort by: Sort the files in the list. Streaming URL: Allows you to browse sites like Youtube, Google. This feature is a network dependant service. Profile: Choose and activae a desired profile. Storage: Select phone or memory card. YouTube You can now watch videos on your phone on the popular YouTube site. Menu>Video Player>Streaming URL>Predefined>YouTube Note: This service is network dependant. Please get in touch with your network operator for the desired settings. 5 Music Player Menu > Music To add songs in your phone either add them from the phone memory or select the memory card by going to – Music player>Settings>Player settings> Pre playlist (Phone/Memory card) Playlists: Allows you to make a playlist and add songs in it either from the phone memory or the memory card. All tracks: Allows you to view all the tracks Recently played: View a list of the recently played songs Most played: View the most played songs. Recently added: View the list of recently added songs Artists: Add the artist name Albums: Add the album name Genres: Add a genre/type to your songs Refresh list: Refresh the playlist Nxp Equalizer: Add sound effects to your songs. Choose from a number of exciting effects like: bassbooster, Classical, Dance, Flat, Folk, Heavymetal, Hiphop, Jazz, Piano, Pop, Rock, Spokenworkd, Symphony, Theater, Treblebooster, Latin, Vocalbooster, Bassreducer, Treblereduces & Normal. Settings: †¢ Player settings †¢ Display settings †¢ Sound effects 6 Photo editor Menu> Photo editor Allows you to resize the images stored in your phone 7 Sound Recorder Menu > Sound recorder On the Sound Recorder list screen, you can select: Play: Play the recorded sound Append: Add a sound Rename: Rename the highlighted recording. Delete: Delete the highlighted recording. Delete all files: Delete all the recordings from the list. Use as: Send the highlighted record to the ringtone list for profiles. Send: Send the highlighted record by MMS, Bluetooth or Email. 8 Slide show Menu> Slide show Allows you to view images as a slide show. 9 FM Radio Menu > FM radio To search channels- Options> >Auto search To save the channel list- Select one or all channels and add them to the channel list. To change channels- Long press on the ‘>’ key to change to the next channel Fun & Games 1 Games Menu > Games Your phone has many preloaded exciting games in it. Choose the game you wish to play and cross various levels to set the ultimate highest score. Bluetooth You can connect wirelessly to other compatible device with Bluetooth technology. Compatible devices may include computers, mobile phones. You can use Bluetooth connectivity to send images, music and sound clips, video clips, and notes. Since devices with Bluetooth wireless technology communicate using radio waves, your device and the other devices need to be within a range of 10 meters from each other, but the connection may be subject to interference or could face obstruction from stuff such as wall or from other electronic devices. Use the wireless technology of Bluetooth to be able to consume battery quantity of electric charge. If you are restricted by something when using Bluetooth technology, consult your local Micromax support/service station. 1 To Activate/Deactivate Bluetooth Connectivity Menu > Connectivity>Bluetooth > Power(On/Off) 2 To Search/Inquire Audio Device Menu > Connectivity> Bluetooth > Inquiry audio device Tip: Please activate the Bluetooth first. To Search My (new) device Menu > Connectivity> Bluetooth > My device > Inquiry new device Tip: Please activate the Bluetooth first. 4 Active Device Menu > Connectivity> Bluetooth > Active Device Tip: Please activate the Bluetooth first. 5 Settings Me nu > Connectivity>Bluetooth > Settings View the following options to change/edit the Bluetooth settings- Visibility- Switch ON/OFF to display your Bluetooth device visbility Device name- Edit your Bluetooth device display name Receive folder- View items received via Bluetooth in the phone/SIM memory Device information- View details about your Bluetooth device. Organizer Functions |Description | |View the calendar |Menu > Calendar | |Notes |Menu > Notes | |Tasks |Menu > Tasks | |Set the alarm |Menu > Alarm > Edit | |World clock |Menu > Applications>World clock | |Calculator |Menu > Calculator | |Unit converter |Menu > Applications>Currency converter | |Text reader |Menu > Applications>Text reader | File Manager When a USB cable is connected, you can use the phone as a USB mass storage. |Functions |Description | |View folders |Menu > File manager> Options > Open> View folders in phone or SIM memory | |Format |Menu > File manager > Options > Format | WAP & JAVA Services 1 WAP Browser Menu > Connectivity > WAP You need to make the relevant settings in WAP Setup before you use the WAP browser to surf the web. When the WAP browser is activated, if a homepage is set in WAP Setup, the phone will link the website indicated by the homepage; otherwise, you may enter a website and the phone will connect to it. When surfing the web, select Options > Refresh: To refresh the web page. Homepage: To link the homepage. Input URL: input a website address. Add Bookmark: Add to bookmark. Set Homepage: set the URL as homepage. Forward/Backward: To turn to the next /previous page. Advance: Show URL info, Bookmark, Save item. Exit: To exit the browser. 2 WAP Setup WAP settings are required for surfing the web with WAP. Follow the steps below to set up a WAP account: †¢ Connectivity > Data Account > GPRS > Add account > Add account name/ APN/ Username & password > Save. Then go to: Menu >Connectivity > WAP >Settings > Profiles > Add new > Account Name/ Homepage/ Data Account (select the previously created data account) > Select connection type (HTTP/WAP- Indise HTTP & WAP ener the correct proxy address & port > Done > Save the account >Go to the created account & activate. Menu > Connectivity> WAP> Settings>Profile You can set the following: Account: To select from the GPRS connection list. Connection type: To set WAP or HTTP connection mode. Home page: To set the address of the homepage. The phone has a default and you can modify it. 3 Java Menu > Applications>Java You can install Java applications to enhance the multimedia function. It also allows you to connect to Snaptu, Nimbuzz and Operamini as well. Java settings Menu > Connectivity>JAVA settings STK 1 STK Services If your SIM card supports STK, you may use the corresponding value-added services. Inputting Text You can enter text in English and digit. Phone Suite Connect your phone and PC via the USB cable> Select COM Port PhoneSuite provides various functionalities for users to manage the documents in their mobile phone easily on a PC. It will communicate with mobile phone via serial communication or Bluetooth. †¢ Phonebook is used to manage the contacts information between the mobile phone and the PC folder. In addition to adding, editing and deleting contacts, users can get a backup of the phonebook database on the PC folder †¢ Message helps users to read, edit nd send SMS/EMS messages directly from PC. Besides, you can create personal folders to categorize all messages on the PC side. †¢ Settings: contains the system-related settings and message default settings. Users also can set whether they want to import contact list from other software or not here. †¢ Images: is us ed to draw images of various file types, and transport the images between the PC and mobile phone. It also provides clip, mirror and rotate functions to reach user's expectation. †¢ Melody: provides a easier way to compose your own melody through the staff graphic interface. It also provides the functions to transport the melodies between PC and mobile phone. MMS Message: helps users to read, edit MMS messages directly from PC. Users also can transport MMS messages between PC and mobile phone. †¢ File Manager provides a friendly interface for users to manage their files between the PC and the mobile phone. Functionalities of â€Å"copy†, â€Å"paste†, â€Å"delete†, â€Å"rename† and â€Å"new folder† are provided in the out tool. Besides, File Manager also supports local java installation from PC side. Maintenance Use a dry soft cloth to wipe general dirt. Do not use a hard cloth, benzene or thinner to wipe the phone, otherwise, the surf ace of the phone will be scratched or could even result in the fading of color. Taking Care of your Device Your device is a product of superior design and craftsmanship and should be handled with care: The following suggestions will help you protect your phone: †¢ Always keep the small parts of the phone away from children. †¢ Keep the device dry. Precipitation, humidity, and all types of liquids or moisture can contain minerals that will rust electronic circuits. If your device does get wet, remove the battery, and allow the device to dry completely before replacing it. †¢ Do not use or store the device in dusty, dirty areas. Its moving parts and electronic components can be damaged. †¢ Do not store the device in high or cold temperature. High temperatures can shorten the life of electronic devices and damage batteries. Do not attempt to open the device other than as instructed in this guide. †¢ Do not drop, knock, or shake the device. Rough handling can br eak internal circuit boards and fine mechanics. †¢ Do not use harsh chemicals, cleaning solvents, or strong detergents to clean the device. Only use a soft, clean, dry cloth to clean the surface of the device. †¢ Do not paint the device. Paint can clog the moving parts and prevent proper operation. †¢ Use chargers indoors After Services For details, see the After Service Guide supplied with the phone. 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