The Power of Mission and Vision Whats Yours

The Power of Mission and Vision … What’s Yours Why Have a Mission and Vision Anyway? And What Does It All Mean? Creating a mission and vision statement can be a formidable task. Large companies spend weeks and months on the process. When used to full advantage, a mission and vision truly underlie a company’s business model and become what employees and clients/customers align to. If someone is not excited about the company’s mission and vision, that person is not a good fit for the organization. ActionCOACH, my business coaching company, defines vision as strategic intentâ€"why the entity exists; it is a statement against which all decisions can be measured. Mission, by comparison, is a practical description of how the ultimate vision will be achieved. Of course you can have a mission and vision whether you are a job seeker or a business owner. As you read the story of The Essay Expert’s mission and vision, I invite you to consider what your mission and vision would be. If you create one you like, please share it in the comments. The Essay Expert’s Mission and Vision Journey The Essay Expert did not have a mission statement for probably its first year. When I created one, it sounded right and it stuck (it also was a relatively easy process given that I was the only person who had to approve of it!). Here it is: The Essay Expert works intensively and personally with job seekers, college applicants and companies, to create powerfully written job search and marketing content. Our clients achieve unprecedented success in moving their careers, education and businesses to the next level. That mission statement does state how my company will achieve its ultimate goal. But without a vision statement, that ultimate goal was not defined. Then, last year in a business coaching meeting, Susan Thomson encouraged me to craft a vision statement to complement the mission. The vision I created was this: To empower people and companies to be confident and unstoppable in reaching their goals. This seemed like a statement with a higher purpose and goal that I believe in. And I have been using it. Each time I have considered bringing in a new writer, I have read this mission to them and ask for their thoughts on it, introducing them to the culture of my company. Inevitably, the writers I have chosen for my team have been very committed to contributing to the success of The Essay Expert’s clients. They have been truly aligned with my mission and vision, and I have never had a problem with a writer not being fully committed to The Essay Expert’s clients. Be Careful What You Vision For… However, I have also encountered some issues when I have demanded more time and corrections from my writers than some other resume writing companies they have worked with. Why was this happening? Why were my writers feeling frustrated with my commitment to excellence? Two weeks ago, I discovered through a brief coaching session with Dr. Bob Wright that my company’s mission and vision were part of the problem. They were all about our company’s clients, and not about our team! This was a blind spot for me up until Bob pointed it out, and it was quite a revelation. I now realize that my company’s mission and vision must be not just about the work we do, but about who we are as a company and as human beings working together. To that end, my new vision and mission are “in progress” and will include something like this: We bring out the best in our clients and each other as a team of writers. We are committed to excellence. We strive to write more effectively, communicate more effectively, and showcase the brilliance in ourselves and in everyone we touch. Can you imagine a company where everyone is aligned with this philosophy? Where we are all working together toward excellence, becoming our best selves while supporting our clients to do the same? That’s a company I would want to work for! What is your mission and vision for yourself or your company? Please share below.

The Invention of M Ms Candies

M Ms chocolate candies are one of the most famous treats in the world, the most popular movie treat next to popcorn, and the most consumed Halloween treat in America.   The well-known slogan by which M Ms are marketed — The milk chocolate melts in your mouth, not in your hand — is very likely a key to the candys success, and its origins date back to the 1930s and the Spanish Civil War.   Forest Mars Sees an Opportunity Forest Mars, Sr. was already part of a family-owned candy company in conjunction with his father, having introduced the Milky Way candy bar in 1923. However, father and son disagreed on plans to expand  to Europe, and in the early 1930s, estranged from his father, Forest moved to Europe, where he saw British soldiers fighting in the Spanish Civil War eating Smarties candies — chocolate candies with a hard shell, which were popular with soldiers because they were less messy that pure chocolate candies. M MCandies Are Born Upon returning to the United States, Forest Mars began his  own company, Food Products Manufacturing, where he developed, among other things, Uncle Bens Rice and Pedigree Pet Foods. In 1940 he began a partnership with Bruce Murrie (the other M) and in 1941 the two men patented M M candies. The treats were initially sold in cardboard tubes, but by 1948 the packaging changed to the plastic pouch we know today.   The enterprise was a rousing success, and in 1954, peanut M Ms were developed — an ironic innovation, since Forest Mars was deathly allergic to peanuts. In this same year, the company trademarked the familiar Melts in Your Mouth, Not in Your Hand slogan.   Forest Mars Later Life Although Murrie soon left the company, Forest Mars continue to thrive as a businessman, and when his father died, he took over the family business, Mars, Inc, and merged it with his own company. He continued to run the company until 1973 when he retired and turned the company over to his children. In retirement, he started yet another company, Ethel M. Chocolates, named after his mother. That company continues to thrive today as a maker of premier chocolates. Upon his death at age 95 in Miami, Florida, Forest Mars was one of the wealthiest men in the country, having compiled a fortune estimated at $4 billion. Mars, Inc. Continues to Thrive The company begun by the Mars family continues to be a premier food manufacturing corporation, with dozens of manufacturing plants in the U.S. and overseas. A great many name-recognized brands are part of its portfolio, not only candy brands, but also pet foods, chewing gum, and other consumables. Among the brands you may not have realized were related to M M candies and that live under the Mars umbrella include:   Three MusketeersSnickersStarburstSkittlesBountyDoveUncle Bens  Seeds of ChangeKudosBig RedDoublemintFreemintAltoidHubba BubbaJuicy FruitLifesaversWrigleysIamsCesarMy DogWhiskasPedigreeEukanuba

SWOT Analysis Technique and Example

Sample SWOT Analysis: Haier Group SWOT Analysis is one of the basic business-planning techniques that allows creating a business portrait of a certain company and its activities. The template for SWOT analysis is fairly simple – S stands for Strengths, W for Weaknesses, O for Opportunities and T for Threats. Basically, in any business book, you will read that SWOT analysis can be the most useful in dealing with large corporations that either wish to go international or expand their share on the market. There are various examples of this technique online suggesting that usually creating a SWOT matrix is the first step in building a solid business plan or strategy. To properly understand the implication of SWOT analysis it is necessary to have relevant examples. The best option is to analyze a certain company. Chinese appliance brand Haier is a good one to choose since despite being an internationally recognized brand it still exists in the highly competitive business environment and has a lot of potential for expansion. Creating a SWOT analysis should give an insight into Haier’s current business model and possible development strategies for the future. Haier was founded in 1984 in Qingdao, China, as an appliance company that mostly produced refrigerators. It later grew into an international appliance conglomerate with consolidated production and ever-growing global distribution network. As of now, Haier remains prominent in its home market in China and aspires to furthermore increase its brand recognition around the globe. A detailed SWOT analysis starts with Strengths. Haier’s position is very strong in the domestic market – it is one of the most prominent appliance companies in China that has customers’ trust and recognition. Haier has an impeccable reputation in China because of its customer service and excellent quality. Initially, Haier’s brand strategy involved a high level of quality control. They wanted to step away from the stereotype of Chinese products being of poor quality and initiated the â€Å"quality over quantity† system for their own brand. Later it has allowed them to expand and diversify, producing not only refrigerators but other kinds of products as well. Thanks to their solid reputation that allowed Haier to have a steady income, they were able to invest in research and development. That allowed them to introduce some innovations and to expand into the international market as well. This quality-based and steady approach is one of the main Streng ths of Haier since it allows them to always rely on their domestic market in case of a failure in one of the foreign markets. On the other hand, Haier’s Weaknesses first and foremost include limited brand recognition. Even though Haier is relatively well-known in China and Asia, it has no brand reputation on the Western markets. Haier is used to doing â€Å"by the book† and not trying to adjust their approach to the western realities. Ineffective marketing and advertising have resulted in Haier getting negative attention from the Western media and their general inability to build an appealing brand image. Western companies had more experience in working with brand image (including their online presence) and invest more money in marketing while Chinese companies usually focus more on production. It has created an informational inadequacy that surrounds Haier: western customers are inclined to believe the stereotypes about Chinese products like a lack of quality. The problem is the company is not doing enough to undermine that image. What we can also see thanks to the SWOT matrix, Haier has no l uxury segment to its products and therefore is unable to be competitive in the high-end segment. Opportunities for Haier all rely on their ability to follow global trends in production. Companies are becoming more and more socially aware and vulnerable to external pressure from various stakeholders (e.g., international organizations, media, etc.). The trend for social awareness presents numerous opportunities – going green and producing eco-friendly appliances, aiming at rural markets and opening a new line of high-priced but more â€Å"clean† products with all the production stages becoming transparent. It would allow concerned stakeholders to track the production cycle and account for the absence of unfair labor conditions and other violations. This, in turn, will positively affect the brand image as well. On the contrary, one of the main Threats concerns the solid image that Haier has for itself in their domestic market as well. Being this huge and traditional company that comes from a country where business is heavily affected by the government might complicate introducing innovation. Of course, it gives their competitors a head start. Growing competition and Haier’s inability to quickly adapt might undermine their growth perspectives more than any brand image issues they have as of now. They need a new template of a successful business strategy to follow. Below, all facets of Haier SWOT analysis are represented in a table view: STRENGTHS Strong position in the domestic market High quality of products Broad production facilities WEAKNESSES Poor brand reputation Unfair labor conditions OPPORTUNITIES Entering new markets Introduction of new products THREATS The dependence on the government Complicated introduction of innovations All in all, SWOT analysis for Haier demonstrates how a general outline of the company’s business model and the external situation might be used for developing a solid business strategy in the future.

Abuse and Proper Discipline Free Essays

I have experienced many things in my life. All of my life experiences have affected me in different ways. Some experiences were good and some were not. We will write a custom essay sample on Abuse and Proper Discipline or any similar topic only for you Order Now The physical abuse I experienced by my father was the most impact experience. A parent is supposed to create a safe, stable, and loving home. Instead my father created a home of fear, instability, and inconsistency. This affected my behavior in school, and how I react to things later in life. I was born in Florida. At the age of two my father moved me and my three brothers to New York. At this time my mother was not in the picture for unknown reasons. My father was avid alcoholic, and drank a lot. During his drunken rages he would abuse me and my three brothers. My father moved us around a lot, and we never really stayed In one place for very long. I was never quite sure why this was, but I would guess that maybe someone or somebody became suspicious of what was taking place In our home. This resulted In us taking off before anyone could find out for sure. My father started beating us while he was drunk, but then eventually started abusing us while he was sober. It became a regular thing for us and almost expected. He would start to hit us based on his moods. If he had a bad day at work, or had a fight with one of his girlfriends. He would choke us, punch us, throw us, and has even gone as far as burn my brother’s arm on the stove. There were times that we did not eat for days. It was not because we did not have any food, but because he wanted to punish us. He also kicked us out of the house, and made us sleep outside. Even In the winter. I was terrified of my father. Instead of Henning 2 growing up feeling love and trust. I grew up feeling fear and pain. I would often watch sitcoms on TV, and wish that I could just jump into the screen. Daydreaming of a better life was something I did often. I wanted to leave, but this was all I knew. This was my life and nothing was going to change it. My father did not only abuse me when I did wrong, but instead he would abuse me when he was in a foul mood. The abuse was inconsistent, and because of this my behavior was impacted. In school I would lash out at teachers, and was defiant. My father was not concerned with proper discipline or punishment. I was more of a punching bag for his anger. Therefore I did not understand how to act or behave properly. I was uncontrollable in school. I would Jump on desks, and crawl underneath tables In the lunch room. I even threw chairs at the teacher when I did not want to do something she asked. I was violent with my classmates, and disruptive. The bus ride to school was also a problem. I would Jeopardize the safety of the other children by jumping over the seats, and disrupting the bus driver. It got would get letters and phone calls from the school, he did not seem to care. My father was more worried about what was going on in his world to care what was happening at my school. After a while the school decided I needed to be enrolled in a special school that was more equipped to handle my behavior issues. No one in the school system even thought twice about the discipline at home. If they had investigated our home they would have found out my father never disciplined us, but abused us instead. To this day I feel that proper discipline is needed for a child to grow up and become successful in life. The abuse started to get worse as we got older. He became a lot more aggressive. He even ended up sending me to the hospital for bashing my head on the bathroom floor. The reason for the more intense abuse was because of the increase in size of my older brother. My brother was getting older, and was able to fight back. Unfortunately my dad was still Henning 3 a lot bigger than my brother. My dad would often punch holes in the walls when he was mad. One day I was picking at one of the holes in the wall that my father punched in. He walked by and saw me doing this. Out of nowhere he punched me right in the eye, and I went to school the next day with a black eye. This started causing a scene with my teachers and nurses. I went to school plenty of times with black eyes, and bruises. I could not understand why this one was any different. The ruse must have gotten sick and tired of seeing it, and finally acted. This caused an investigation, and at the age of eight years old I was removed from the hell that I called home. When I was being removed from my home I remember seeing my neighbor with an unsurprised look on her face. This made me wonder if she had suspected the abuse all along. It also made me wonder how many others knew or suspected what was taken place in my home. After being removed from the house I called home. I was placed with a foster family. The first few months were great. I was not scared and looking over my shoulder anymore. I was happy and felt love for the first time. My foster mom made pancakes and sausages for breakfast in the mornings. I have never had anyone make breakfast for me before, and it was like heaven. I had warm bed to sleep in, and I even had a TV in my room. It might have seemed that my story was over. However the effects of the abuse were still there, and my behaviors still caused many problems. Throughout my life I had to go through therapy to undo the damage my father caused. I had to relearn how to act and behave properly. Today I am a pretty optimistic person, and I do not like to use my past as a crutch. However I will not deny hat there are some lasting effects that the abuse still holds. Therapy was very successful for me. It help me deal with what happened, and encouraged me to move on with my life. However therapy cannot remove the memories and the experience. I will forever remember the abuse I endured. Henning 4 The abuse from my father affected me in many ways. I had to struggle, and was not able to have a normal childhood. I grew up in a home full of fear, and lacked the to relearn how to behave properly. I do not regret what happened in the past, for my past is part of who I am. What I have been through and what I endured has only made me stronger. How to cite Abuse and Proper Discipline, Papers

The Presidential Election Of 1972 Analysis Essay Example For Students

The Presidential Election Of 1972 Analysis Essay The Presidential election of 1972 had two strong candidates, PresidentRichard Nixon and George McGovern. There were many issues which had a greatdeal of importance to the election. The Vietnam war and the stability of theeconomy at the time were two main factors. The election ended in one thelargest political scandals in U.S. history, being the Watergate break-in, andcover-up, by President Richard Nixon. The Democratic party had a large selection of candidates from which tochoose for the primary elections of 1972. There were many well known candidateswho entered the race for the nomination. The leading contenders were Edmund S. Muskie of Maine, Senator George McGovern of South Dakota and Hubert H. Humphreyof Minnesota. Other candidates who didnt receive quite as much recognitionwere Alabama governor George C. Wallace, Mayor Sam Yorty of Los Angeles, Rep. Wilbur D. Mills of Arkansas, Sen. Vance Hartke of Indiana, former Senator EugeneJ. McCarthy of Minnesota, Mayor John Lindsay of New York City and Rep. ShirleyChisholm of New York. Chisholm was the first black to run in a series ofpresidential primaries. (Congressional Quarterly, Guide to U.S. Elections,Third ed., 1994, pg.603-605.) 5Governor Wallace had a devastating moment in his campaign while inMaryland. In early May a sick young man named Arthur Bremer altered thepolitics of 1972. As Governor Wallace campaigned toward certain victory in theMaryland primary, Bremer stepped forward out of a shopping-center crowd and shothim four times. Wallace survived, but at the cost of being paralyzed from thewaist down. Marylands voters surged out on election day to give Wallace a hugevictory, his last of 1972. While Wallace recuperated, the millions who wouldhave voted for him as a Democratic or independent candidate began to move inoverwhelming proportions behind the candidacy began to move i n overwhelmingproportions behind the candidacy of Richard Nixon. (Benton, William. U.S. Election of 1972. Encyclopedia Britannica Book of the Year. pg.12-13, 1973ed.)1When the California primary was approaching, Humphrey tried to save thenomination for himself. Humphrey excoriated his old senate friend (McGovern)for his expensive ideas on welfare and his desire to cut the defense budget. Italmost worked. But McGovern won all of Californias giant delegation, and beatHumphrey 44.3% to 39.1% in the popular vote.5 That loss spelled out the endfor Humphreys Democratic nomination. Many felt Edmund Muskie was sure to win the Democratic nomination forthe election of 1972. All political observers agreed on the certainty thatSenator Edmund Muskie of Maine would be the Democratic partys nominee.1 Asthe front-runner, he wanted to snare the nomination early and so was committedto running in all of the first eight presidential primaries. ProminentDemocratic politicians lined up eagerly to endorse him. Among them: Gov. JohnGilligan of Ohio; Leonard Woodcock, President of the United Auto Workers; IowaSenator Harold Hughes; and Pennsylvania Governor Milton Shapp.1 Muskie hadmany supporters, and a good chance of receiving the nomination, perhaps evenbecoming the next President of the United States. President Nixon knew thatMuskie had a good chance of winning and felt he had to do something to getMuskie out of the race. Nixon had seven men who were loyal to him make up falsepress releases about Muskie, and his wife. These press releases claimed thatMuskie had had affairs w ith both men and women, that he beat his wife, and thenthe topper which claimed that Muskies wife was an alcoholic. These falsestatements destroyed Muskies campaign and reputation of being a calmtrustworthy candidate. Then one day mounting the bed of a truck parked outsidethe offices of the archconservative Manchester Union Leader, Muskie launched anattack on the papers publisher, William Loeb. As he spoke of Loebsunflattering remarks about Mrs. Muskie, the senators voice cracked, and thecrowd saw tears form in his eyes.1 This incident badly dented Muskies image. After that event, people saw Muskie as a weak person. They didnt want a weakperson running the country. Muskie had finished fourth in Pennsylvania, behindwinner Humphrey, Wallace, and McGovern, and a distant second to McGovern inMassachusetts. He then withdrew with dignity. 1 Muskie later said of thisincident: It changed peoples minds about me, of what kind of a guy I was. They were looking for a strong, steady man, and here I was weak. (Congressional Quarterly, Chronology of Presidential Elections, Fourth ed. 1994, pg.329-330)6After a long primary campaign, and all the primary elections, SenatorGeorge McGovern won the nomination for the Democratic party in the 1972presidential election. McGovern did not get to deliver his acceptance speechperhaps the best speech of his careeruntil 2:48 a.m., when most televisionviewers were already in bed.6 Senator McGovern had a difficult campaign aheadof him. His opposition, President Richard Nixon, already had the upper hand onhim because he had been elected President four years before. President Nixonwas the Republican candidate. President Richard Nixon told a reporter thatthe election was over the day he (Sen. George McGovern) was nominated. 1McGovern campaigned very hard. Between September 3 and September 15, the SouthDakotan barnstormed through 29 cities and towns in 18 states covering some14,000 miles and being seen by more than 175,000 people. (U.S. News and WorldReport, Can Democrats Close the Gap, Sept. 25, 1972, Vol. LXXXIII, No.13,pg.17-22)3 McGovern knew, if he wanted to win, he had to focus on the importantissues of 1972. There were four very important issues. These were the war in Vietnam,the economy, foreign policy, and defense. The two major ones were the war inVietnam, and the economy. McGovern was sure that if he was elected president,he would be able to end the war. We will be able to end the war by a simpleplan that need not be kept secret: The immediate total withdrawal of allAmericans from Southeast Asia. (Congressional Quarterlys Guide to U.S. Winston Churchill Essay PaperWe will continue to pursue arms-control agreementsbut we recognize that thiscan be successful only if we maintain sufficient strength.2 Basically Nixonand the Republican Party were stating that we need a strong military and ahealthy economy, but cutting defense spending is not the solution to theeconomic problem. Another major issue focused on during the election of 1972 was foreignpolicy. Senator McGovern, and the Democratic party stated the next DemocraticAdministration should End American participation in the war in Southeast Asia. Re-establish control over military activities and reduce military spending,where consistent with national security. Defend Americas real interests andmaintain our alliances, neither playing world policeman nor abandoning old andgood friends. Not neglect Americas relations with small third-world nations inplacing reliance on great power relationships. Return to Congress, and thepeople, a meaningful role in decisions on peace and war, and make informationpublic, except where real national defense interests are involved.4 TheDemocratic party didnt want other countries to look upon the U.S. as thepoliceman of the world. They also wanted to make sure the U.S. remainedfriendly with small third world countries, because we may need to trade withthem, or we might need raw materials we dont have. The Republicans had a different idea on foreign policy. They said thatNever before has our country negotiated with so many nations on so wide a rangeof subjects and never with greater success. They go on to say We willpress for expansion of contacts with the peoples of Eastern Europe and thePeoples Republic of China, as long isolated from most of the world.2 TheRepublican Party wanted to improve the relationships with countries that havebeen cut off from much of the world. The Republicans felt they were doing agood job with foreign policy, and didnt think they should change much ofanything they were doing. After all the months of campaigning, and voting were through, RichardNixon was reelected the new President of the United States. Nixon swept backinto the White House on Nov. 7 with a devastating landslide victory overMcGovern. He carried a record of 49 states for a total of 520 electoralvotes.5 Nixon did have a couple of advantages that McGovern didnt. For one,the people had confidence in him since he had been elected once before. Theyknew what kind of a President he was, and what they as the constituents couldexpect from him. Second, McGovern made a bad decision when he chose his vicepresident running mate. McGovern had chosen Sen. Thomas F. Eagleton of Missouri. Barely 10 days after selection of the Democratic ticket, on July 25, Eagletondisclosed that he voluntarily had hospitalized himself three times between 1960and 1966 for nervous exhaustion and fatigue. McGovern strongly supported hisrunning mate at the time, but in the following days, his support for theMissouri senator began to wane. After a meeting with McGovern on July 31,Eagleton withdrew from the ticket.4 Eagleton badly damaged the image ofMcGovern. The constituents lost their confidence in McGovern and in hisdecision making power. They felt that McGovern may not make wise decisions ifhe was elected the next President of the U.S. McGovern was also somewhatradical views. CRP focused early and often on the more radical-sounding viewsof McGovern, highlighting his support of amnesty for young people who fled toCanada to avoid the draft, his sometime musings that marijuana might better belegalized, and his purported support of legalized abortion.1 Many felt thatMcGoverns views may hav e been more radical and outlandish than some hadsupported. After Nixon was elected to office, It appeared in 1972 that Americanpolitics was entering an age of calm consensus. The economy was temporarilystrong: opposition to the Vietnam War had faded as the two sides negotiated inParis for an end to the war.6 Then in Nixons political career A warlikeatmosphere between the media (as well as other perceived enemies of theadministration that appeared on Nixons enemies list) and the mushroomingWatergate scandal combined to create a dark side to U.S. politics in the 1970s. At its simplest level, the Watergate affair was a third-rate burglary and asubsequent cover-up by President Nixon and his aides. In the summer of 1972,several employees of the Committee to Re-elect the President were arrested afterthey were discovered breaking into and bugging the Democratic NationalCommittees offices at the posh Watergate complex in Washington. The break-inwas not a major issue in the 1972 election, but the next year congressionalcommittees began an investigation.6 Along with the congressional committeesinvestigation, two reporters from the Washington Post, named Bob Woodward, andCarl Berstein did some investigating of their own. They had a politician whoknew about all that was going on with the Watergate scandal, nicknamed DeepThroat. Deep Throat supplied the two reporters with the information theyneeded to tear open the Watergate scandal. These two reporters open up theWatergate scandal, and all the participants involved. During the investigation,a presidential ai de revealed that Nixon had secretly taped Oval Officeconversations with aides. When the Watergate special prosecutor Archibald Coxordered Nixon to surrender the tapes, Nixon ordered Cox fired. Then the SupremeCourt ruled that Nixon had to surrender even more tapes, which indicated that hehad played an active role in covering up the Watergate scandal. Nixon resignedthe presidency when his impeachment and conviction appeared certain. Theimpeachment articles charged him with obstruction of justice, abuse ofpresidential powers and contempt of Congress. President Nixon resigned onAugust 9, 1974. The Watergate affair was perhaps the greatest political scandalin U.S. history. For the first time, a president was forced to leave officebefore his term expired.6Vice President Gerald Ford became the President of the United States. President Ford then granted Richard Nixon a full pardon of the crimes committedagainst the presidency, and the people of the United States. Politics Essays

A Virus Is An Ultramicroscopic Infectious Organism That, Having No Ind

A virus is an ultramicroscopic infectious organism that, having no independent metabolic activity, can replicate only within a cell of another host organism. A virus consists of a core of nucleic acid, either RNA or DNA, surrounded by a coating of antigenic protein and sometimes a lipid layer surrounds it as well. The virus provides the genetic code for replication, and the host cell provides the necessary energy and raw materials. There are more than 200 viruses that are know to cause disease in humans. The Ebola virus, which dates back to 1976, has four strains each from a different geographic area, but all give their victims the same painful, often lethal symptoms. The Ebola virus is a member of a family of RNA viruses known as ?Filoviriade' and falling under one genus, ?Filovirus'. "The Ebola virus and Marburg virus are the two known members of the Filovirus family" (Journal of the American Medical Association 273: 1748). Marburg is a relative of the Ebola virus. The four strains of Ebola are Ebola Zaire, Ebola Sudan, Ebola Reston, and Ebola Tai. Each is named after the geographical location in which it was discovered. These filoviruses cause hemorrhagic fever, which is actually what kill victims of the Ebola virus. Hemorrhagic fever as defined in Mosby's Medical, Nursing, and Allied Health Dictionary as, a group of viral aerosol infections, characterized by fever, chills, headache, malaise, and respiratory or GI symptoms, followed by capillary hemorrhages, and, in severe infection, oliguria, kidney failure, hypotension, and, possibly, death. The incubation period for Ebola Hemorrhagic Fever ranges from 2-21 days (JAMA 2! 73: 1748). The blood fails to clot and patients may bleed from injections sites and into the gastrointestinal tract, skin and internal organs (Ebola Info. from the CDC 2). The Ebola virus has a tropism for liver cells and macrophages, macrophages are cells that engulf bacteria and help the body defend against disease. Massive destruction of the liver is a hallmark feature of Ebola virus infection. This virus does in ten days what it takes AIDS ten years to do. It also requires biosaftey level four containment, the highest and most dangerous level. HIV the virus that causes AIDS requires only a biosaftey level of two. In reported outbreaks, 50%-90% of cases have been fatal (JAMA 273: 1748). Ebola can be spread in a number of ways, and replication of the virus occurs at an alarming rate. Ebola replication in infected cells takes about eight hours. Hundreds to thousands of new virus particles are then released during periods of a few hours to a few days, before the cells die. The several cycles of replication occur in a primate before the onset of the fever and other clinical manifestations (Ornstein, Matthews and Johnson 7). In most outbreaks, transmission from patient to patient within hospitals has been associated within the reuse of unsterile needles and syringes. High rates of transmission in outbreaks have occurred from patients to heath-care workers and to family members who provide nursing care without appropriate precautions to prevent exposure to blood, other body fluids, vomitus, urine and stool. Risk for transmitting the infection appears to be highest during the later stages of illness, which are often characterized by vomiting, diarrhea,! shock, and frequently hemorrhaging (JAMA 274: 374). Even a person who has recovered from the symptoms of the illness may have the virus present in the genital secretions for a brief period after. This makes it possible for the virus to be spread by sexual contact. Complete recovery is reached only when no particles of the virus are left in the body fluids, this however is rarely attained. The disease, for humans, is not airborne, capable to be passed on through air travel, but for nonhuman primates it has been a possibility in a few cases. Ebola Zaire was identified in 1976 in Northern Zaire and was the first documented appearance of the virus. This strain of the virus effects humans and nonhuman primates. Close contact and dirty needles spread the Ebola virus. The center of the epidemic in Zaire involved a missionary hospital where they reused needles and syringes without sterilization. Most of the staff of the hospital got sick and died. This outbreak infected 318 with a death rate of 93% (Le Guenno et al. 1271). Another fatal case was reported one year later in Zaire but nothing major ever became of it. The most recent case recorded was the infamous

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